RESTITUTION RIVER...

Talk of Reparations for Slavery Moves to State Capitols Pennsylvania state Rep. Chris Rabb, a Democrat, announced plans last month to introduce sweeping legislation that would award reparations to African American state residents.

As the nation debates the merits of reparations, lawmakers in California, New York, Texas and Vermont have introduced legislation exploring compensation to the descendants of slaves.

Courtesy of Democratic Pennsylvania state Rep. Chris Rabb updated to clarify Rep. Chris Rabb's position on REPARATION.

Four centuries after the first African slaves landed on Virginia shores, state lawmakers across the country are taking up the debate over how to atone for what’s been called “AMERICA'S ORIGINAL SIN.” DEMOCRATIC LAWMAKERS IN CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK AND VERMONT — STATES THAT EITHER OUTLAWED SLAVERY BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR OR NEVER ALLOWED IT — HAVE INTRODUCED LEGISLATION THAT WOULD APOLOGIZE FOR THEIR STATES ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES SLAVERY RENDERED AND; RECOGNIZE THE LASTING, NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SLAVERY ON CURRENT GENERATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN'S; AND EXPLORE MONETARY REPARATIONS.

In April, Democratic lawmakers in Texas introduced a bill urging the passage of a federal reparations bill introduced by U.S. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, also a Democrat, that same month.

(Sponsors did not return Stateline calls for comment.)
And in September, Florida lawmakers introduced a $10 million reparations bill for the descendants of victims of a specific, 1920 racial atrocity, the Ocoee massacre.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE REP. CHRIS RABB announced plans to introduce a reparations bill this legislative session that would entitle African Americans in the Keystone State to remuneration. But first, the Democrat said, HE'S ORGANIZED A TEAM OF RESEARCHERS TO IDENTIFY EVERY STATE LAW SINCE 1776 THAT'S HAD A “RACIST IMPACT” ON THE STATE'S AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION.

He proposes a statewide reparations plan for Pennsylvania that would involve multiple tiers of compensation, with the greatest awards going to residents who can prove they descended from generations of black Pennsylvanians.

To qualify for reparations, residents would have to prove they’ve lived as African Americans through government records such as census records or birth certificates.  “WHEN WE WONDER WHY THESE RACIAL DISPARITIES CONTINUED TO ENDURE, WE HAVE TO LOOK NO FURTHER THAN THE ORIGIN,” IT'S POLICY. THERE'S NO CULTURAL DEFICIT. IT'S CRYSTAL CLEAR, SYSTEMIC RACISM” To be sure, except for one California resolution that passed with bipartisan support, none of the state bills has yet made it past committee.

All were introduced by Democrats. But as the United States wrestles with rising incidents of hate crimes and policymakers become increasingly conscious of slavery’s long-term effects on issues ranging from criminal justice policy to educational achievement gaps, this year’s legislative activity marks the first time that states have explored reparations in a significant way.

“I’m surprised to see the action going on at the state level,” said Thomas Craemer, associate professor of public policy at the University of Connecticut, who became interested in reparations because of the history of the Holocaust and the postwar reparations program in his native Germany.

SUDDENLY REPARATIONS HAS HIT THE MAINSTREAM,” said Craemer, who is part of a national team of academics organized by Duke University professor William Darity crafting a proposal that OUTLINES THE ARGUMENT FOR REPARATIONS and how they would be implemented. Critics of state reparations, meanwhile, argue the issue should be handled at the federal level, and they wonder how the proposals would be paid for and who would qualify to receive the money.

“It’s a weird sense of accountability,” said Walter Williams, an economics professor at George Mason University in Virginia who opposes all reparations.

“What people are suggesting is that we help a black person of today by punishing a white person of today for what a white person of yesterday did to a black of yesterday,” said Williams, who is black.

“That’s a perverse sense of justice in my opinion.” ‘Hotbed of Slavery’ The state bills seem designed to ignite conversation about systemic racial injustices at a time when the nation is sharply divided over issues of race.

Like the federal bill currently being considered in the U.S. House, the state measures would create commissions to study reparations and propose solutions.

For example, New York Democrats in January introduced bills in both the General Assembly and the state Senate that would create a commission to study reparations and racial and economic discrimination against African Americans.

The bills also would acknowledge “the FUNDAMENTAL INJUSTICE, CRUELTY, BRUTALITY, AND INHUMANITY OF SLAVERY in the city of New York and the state of New York.” New York state Sen. James Sanders Jr., the lead sponsor of the Senate bill, declined Stateline’s request for comment; state Assemblyman Charles Barron, who introduced that chamber’s bill, did not respond. California Democrats introduced two measures this year.

One, which both the state Assembly and Senate approved overwhelmingly, was a resolution acknowledging California’s role in chattel slavery and recognizing “the need to pursue avenues to implement proposed reparations for the descendants of African slaves in the United States.”

A second resolution, introduced in June, would formally apologize for California’s “past complicity in slavery” and encourage Congress to enact the federal reparations bill.

That resolution is currently in committee. California state Assemblyman James Gallagher, a Republican who voted against the pending resolution, said, “Certainly slavery is a grievous injustice in our country’s history that we absolutely as a country need to recognize and apologize for.”

But reparations is the wrong approach, he said. “It’s a typical Democratic solution: Let’s figure out how to allocate more taxpayer dollars and throw more money at something, but it doesn’t necessarily get at the root issues.”

State lawmakers' efforts recognize the complexity of slavery’s history and repercussions, said Cornell Brooks, a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and former president of the NAACP.

Brooks and a team of researchers at the Kennedy School have been asked by a New Jersey advocacy organization to craft a reparations bill for that state.

If successful, the team hopes to replicate those efforts in other states, Brooks said.

“We need a morally ambitious strategy, but on a state and local-sized platform,” Brooks said.

“To just relegate the responsibility to Congress ignores the role of state capitols and city halls in slavery.”

STATELINE STORY March 29, 2019 ‘A Pileup of Inequities’: Why People of Color Are Hit Hardest by Homelessness It makes sense for states, in addition to the federal government, to address reparations because even non-slave-states benefitted from the institution, said Vermont state Rep. Brian Cina, a member of the Progressive Party who sponsored the Vermont bill.

“It’s easy for people to say we didn’t have slaves in Vermont, but were you buying cotton from the South?
Tobacco?” said Cina, who identifies as multiracial THE BLACK POPULATION STILL STRUGGLES UNDER THE ODIOUS LEGACY OF SLAVERY TODAY!

IT'S IMPERATIVE THAT WE ADOPT A PROPOSAL FOR REPARATIONS. HALF-HEARTED TALK OF REPARATIONS HAS CROPPED UP AGAIN AND AGAIN SINCE THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION.

AS THE CIVIL WAR WAS NEARING AN END, UNION LEADER GEN. WILLIAM SHERMAN WROTE AN ORDER SETTING ASIDE LAND CONFISCATED ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST FOR THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED!  THE “40 ACRES AND A MULE” DECLARATION, ONLY TO HAVE IT SCANDALOUSLY REVERSED BY CONFEDERATE PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON, THE SOLE MOTIVATION FOR PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION, LINCOLN FLAT-OUT REFUSED TO RESEND GEN. SHERMAN'S 40 ACRES AND A MULE DECLARATION. 

STATELINE STORY AUGUST 15, 2018 WHERE BLACK HOMEOWNERSHIP IS THE NORM THOSE WHO SUPPORT REPARATIONS DON'T AGREE ON WHAT THAT SHOULD LOOK LIKE, AND WHAT ROLE, IF ANY, THE FED, STATES AND CORPORATIONS SHOULD PLAY. STATE RESOLUTIONS SHOULD ENDORSE AND CONCEIVE A NATIONAL AGENDA, “THE CULPABLE PARTY IS THE CONFEDERATE INFLUENCED UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT,” AND BIG BUSINESS “CONFEDERATES CREATED THE LEGAL SYSTEMIC RACISM AUTHORITY STRUCTURE TO ALLOW FOR THESE ATROCITIES, NEFARIOUSLY DESIGNED WITH PEOPLE OF COLOR IN MIND.”

Darity and other supporters of reparations argue it’s not just THE INSTITUTION OF CONFEDERATE SPONSORED SLAVERY FOR WHICH THE NATION SHOULD BE ATONING FOR, ALSO STATE-SANCTIONED DISCRIMINATION IN THE FORM OF POST-SLAVERY JIM CROW LAWS, REAL ESTATE REDLINING, HAMPERING BLACK WEALTH BUILDING. AND WITH IT, MASS INCARCERATION, SERVED TO HANDICAPPED BLACK AMERICA!

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States talk about reparations...

Talk of Reparations for Slavery Moves to State Capitols Pennsylvania state Rep. Chris Rabb, a Democrat, announced plans last month to introduce sweeping legislation that would award reparations to African American state residents. As the nation debates the merits of reparations, lawmakers in California, New York, Texas and Vermont have introduced legislation exploring compensation to the descendants of slaves. Courtesy of Democratic Pennsylvania state Rep. Chris Rabb updated to clarify Rep. Chris Rabb's position on REPARATION. Four centuries after the first African slaves landed on Virginia shores, state lawmakers across the country are taking up the debate over how to atone for what’s been called “AMERICA'S ORIGINAL SIN.” DEMOCRATIC LAWMAKERS IN CALIFORNIA, NEW YORK AND VERMONT — STATES THAT EITHER OUTLAWED SLAVERY BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR OR NEVER ALLOWED IT — HAVE INTRODUCED LEGISLATION THAT WOULD APOLOGIZE FOR THEIR STATES ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES SLAVERY RENDERED AND; RECOGNIZE THE LASTING, NEGATIVE IMPACT OF SLAVERY ON CURRENT GENERATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN'S; AND EXPLORE MONETARY REPARATIONS. In April, Democratic lawmakers in Texas introduced a bill urging the passage of a federal reparations bill introduced by U.S. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee, also a Democrat, that same month. (Sponsors did not return Stateline calls for comment.) And in September, Florida lawmakers introduced a $10 million reparations bill for the descendants of victims of a specific, 1920 racial atrocity, the Ocoee massacre. PENNSYLVANIA STATE REP. CHRIS RABB announced plans to introduce a reparations bill this legislative session that would entitle African Americans in the Keystone State to remuneration. But first, the Democrat said, HE'S ORGANIZED A TEAM OF RESEARCHERS TO IDENTIFY EVERY STATE LAW SINCE 1776 THAT'S HAD A “RACIST IMPACT” ON THE STATE'S AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION. He proposes a statewide reparations plan for Pennsylvania that would involve multiple tiers of compensation, with the greatest awards going to residents who can prove they descended from generations of black Pennsylvanians. To qualify for reparations, residents would have to prove they’ve lived as African Americans through government records such as census records or birth certificates.  “WHEN WE WONDER WHY THESE RACIAL DISPARITIES CONTINUED TO ENDURE, WE HAVE TO LOOK NO FURTHER THAN THE ORIGIN,” IT'S POLICY. THERE'S NO CULTURAL DEFICIT. IT'S CRYSTAL CLEAR, SYSTEMIC RACISM” To be sure, except for one California resolution that passed with bipartisan support, none of the state bills has yet made it past committee. All were introduced by Democrats. But as the United States wrestles with rising incidents of hate crimes and policymakers become increasingly conscious of slavery’s long-term effects on issues ranging from criminal justice policy to educational achievement gaps, this year’s legislative activity marks the first time that states have explored reparations in a significant way. “I’m surprised to see the action going on at the state level,” said Thomas Craemer, associate professor of public policy at the University of Connecticut, who became interested in reparations because of the history of the Holocaust and the postwar reparations program in his native Germany. SUDDENLY REPARATIONS HAS HIT THE MAINSTREAM,” said Craemer, who is part of a national team of academics organized by Duke University professor William Darity crafting a proposal that WHITE CHOCOLATE CITY REINVENTED MO'S ALLEY OUTLINES THE ARGUMENT FOR REPARATIONS and how they would be implemented. Critics of state reparations, meanwhile, argue the issue should be handled at the federal level, and they wonder how the proposals would be paid for and who would qualify to receive the money. “It’s a weird sense of accountability,” said Walter Williams, an economics professor at George Mason University in Virginia who opposes all reparations. “What people are suggesting is that we help a black person of today by punishing a white person of today for what a white person of yesterday did to a black of yesterday,” said Williams, who is black. “That’s a perverse sense of justice in my opinion.” ‘Hotbed of Slavery’ The state bills seem designed to ignite conversation about systemic racial injustices at a time when the nation is sharply divided over issues of race. Like the federal bill currently being considered in the U.S. House, the state measures would create commissions to study reparations and propose solutions. For example, New York Democrats in January introduced bills in both the General Assembly and the state Senate that would create a commission to study reparations and racial and economic discrimination against African Americans. The bills also would acknowledge “the FUNDAMENTAL INJUSTICE, CRUELTY, BRUTALITY, AND INHUMANITY OF SLAVERY in the city of New York and the state of New York.” New York state Sen. James Sanders Jr., the lead sponsor of the Senate bill, declined Stateline’s request for comment; state Assemblyman Charles Barron, who introduced that chamber’s bill, did not respond. California Democrats introduced two measures this year. One, which both the state Assembly and Senate approved overwhelmingly, was a resolution acknowledging California’s role in chattel slavery and recognizing “the need to pursue avenues to implement proposed reparations for the descendants of African slaves in the United States.” A second resolution, introduced in June, would formally apologize for California’s “past complicity in slavery” and encourage Congress to enact the federal reparations bill. That resolution is currently in committee. California state Assemblyman James Gallagher, a Republican who voted against the pending resolution, said, “Certainly slavery is a grievous injustice in our country’s history that we absolutely as a country need to recognize and apologize for.” But reparations is the wrong approach, he said. “It’s a typical Democratic solution: Let’s figure out how to allocate more taxpayer dollars and throw more money at something, but it doesn’t necessarily get at the root issues.” State lawmakers' efforts recognize the complexity of slavery’s history and repercussions, said Cornell Brooks, a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and former president of the NAACP. Brooks and a team of researchers at the Kennedy School have been asked by a New Jersey advocacy organization to craft a reparations bill for that state. If successful, the team hopes to replicate those efforts in other states, Brooks said. “We need a morally ambitious strategy, but on a state and local-sized platform,” Brooks said. “To just relegate the responsibility to Congress ignores the role of state capitols and city halls in slavery.” STATELINE STORY March 29, 2019 ‘A Pileup of Inequities’: Why People of Color Are Hit Hardest by Homelessness It makes sense for states, in addition to the federal government, to address reparations because even non-slave-states benefitted from the institution, said Vermont state Rep. Brian Cina, a member of the Progressive Party who sponsored the Vermont bill. “It’s easy for people to say we didn’t have slaves in Vermont, but were you buying cotton from the South? Tobacco?” said Cina, who identifies as multiracial THE BLACK POPULATION STILL STRUGGLES UNDER THE ODIOUS LEGACY OF SLAVERY TODAY! IT'S IMPERATIVE THAT WE ADOPT A PROPOSAL FOR REPARATIONS. HALF-HEARTED TALK OF REPARATIONS HAS CROPPED UP AGAIN AND AGAIN SINCE THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. AS THE CIVIL WAR WAS NEARING AN END, UNION LEADER GEN. WILLIAM SHERMAN WROTE AN ORDER SETTING ASIDE LAND CONFISCATED ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST FOR THE FORMERLY ENSLAVED!  THE “40 ACRES AND A MULE” DECLARATION, ONLY TO HAVE IT SCANDALOUSLY REVERSED BY CONFEDERATE PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON, THE SOLE MOTIVATION FOR PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION, LINCOLN FLAT-OUT REFUSED TO RESEND GEN. SHERMAN'S 40 ACRES AND A MULE DECLARATION.  STATELINE STORY AUGUST 15, 2018 WHERE BLACK HOMEOWNERSHIP IS THE NORM THOSE WHO SUPPORT REPARATIONS DON'T AGREE ON WHAT THAT SHOULD LOOK LIKE, AND WHAT ROLE, IF ANY, THE FED, STATES AND COOPERATIONS SHOULD PLAY. STATE RESOLUTIONS SHOULD ENDORSE AND CONCEIVE A NATIONAL AGENDA, “THE CULPABLE PARTY IS THE CONFEDERATE INFLUENCED UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT,” AND BIG BUSINESS “CONFEDERATES CREATED THE LEGAL SYSTEMIC RACISM AUTHORITY STRUCTURE TO ALLOW FOR THESE ATROCITIES, NEFARIOUSLY DESIGNED WITH PEOPLE OF COLOR IN MIND.” Darity and other supporters of reparations argue it’s not just THE INSTITUTION OF CONFEDERATE SPONSORED SLAVERY FOR WHICH THE NATION SHOULD BE ATONING FOR, STATE-SANCTIONED DISCRIMINATION IN THE FORM OF POST-SLAVERY JIM CROW LAWS, REAL ESTATE REDLINING HAMPERING BLACK WEALTH BUILDING. AND WITH IT, MASS INCARCERATION, SERVED TO HANDICAPPED BLACK AMERICA

RED LINING...

Fifty years after the federal Fair Housing Act banned racial discrimination in lending, African Americans and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans OR AT RATES FAR HIGHER THAN THEIR WHITE COUNTERPARTS. THIS MODERN-DAY REDLINING PERSISTED IN 61 METRO AREAS EVEN WHEN CONTROLLING FOR APPLICANTS' INCOME, LOAN AMOUNTS AND NEIGHBORHOODS, ACCORDING TO MILLIONS OF HOME MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE ACT RECORDS ANALYZED FROM THE CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING. The yearlong analysis, based on 31 million records, relied on TECHNIQUES USED BY LEADING ACADEMICS, THE FEDERAL RESERVE AND DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TO IDENTIFY SYSTEMIC LENDING DISPARITIES. IT FOUND A PATTERN OF TROUBLING DENIALS FOR PEOPLE OF COLOR ACROSS THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS SUCH AS ATLANTA, DETROIT, PHILADELPHIA, ROCKFORD, Ill., ST. LOUIS AND SAN ANTONIO. AFRICAN AMERICAN'S FACED THE MOST RESISTANCE IN SOUTHERN CITIES - MOBILE, ALABAMA; GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA; AND GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA - AND LATINOS IN IOWA CITY, IOWA. NO MATTER THEIR LOCATION, LOAN APPLICANTS TOLD SIMILAR STORIES, DESCRIBING AN UPHILL BATTLE WITH LOAN OFFICERS WHO THEY SAID APPEARED TO BE FISHING FOR A REASON TO SAY NO. AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE 2.7 TIMES AS LIKELY AS WHITES TO BE VICTIMS OF SYSTEMIC RACISM/AKA REDLINING THUS DENIED A CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE. THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT OF 1977 WAS DESIGNED TO CORRECT THE DAMAGE OF REDLINING, A NOW-ILLEGAL PRACTICE IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT WARNED BANKS AWAY FROM NEIGHBORHOODS WITH HIGH VOLUME REDLINING HISTORY IN THE 1930s, SURVEYORS WITH THE FEDERAL HOME OWNERS' LOAN CORPORATION DREW LINES ON MAPS AND COLORED SOME NEIGHBORHOODS RED, DEEMING THEM "HAZARDOUS" FOR BANK LENDING BECAUSE OF THE PRESENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN'S OR EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS, ESPECIALLY JEWS. REDLINING HAS BEEN OUTLAWED FOR HALF A CENTURY. AND FOR THE LAST 40 YEARS, BANKS HAVE HAD A LEGAL OBLIGATION UNDER THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT TO SOLICIT CLIENTS - BORROWERS AND DEPOSITORS - FROM ALL SEGMENTS OF THEIR COMMUNITIES. BUT IN MANY PLACES, THE DAMN LAW HASN'T MADE MUCH DIFFERENCE. The analysis - independently reviewed and confirmed by The Associated Press - showed BLACK APPLICANTS WERE TURNED AWAY AT SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RATES THAN WHITES IN 48 CITIES, LATINOS IN 25, ASIANS IN NINE AND NATIVE AMERICAN'S IN THREE. IN WASHINGTON, D.C., THE NATION'S CAPITAL, ALL FOUR GROUPS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE LIKELY TO BE DENIED A HOME LOAN THAN WHITES. "IT'S NOT ACCEPTABLE, from the standpoint of what we want as a nation: to make sure THAT EVERYONE DOESN'T SHARE IN ECONOMIC PROSPERITY," Yet Curry's GOVERNMENT INSPECTION AGENCY WAS PART OF THE PROBLEM, DEEMING 99 PERCENT OF BANKS SATISFACTORY OR OUTSTANDING BASED ON BIASED INSPECTIONS ADMINISTERED UNDER THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT. AND THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT SUED JUST NINE FREAKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR FAILING TO LEND TO PEOPLE OF COLOR UNDER THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION. THE LAW NEEDS TO BE UPDATED, REFORMED WITH STIFFER  PENALTIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCE. "THE COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT HAS NOT AGED WELL THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION HAS GONE THE OTHER WAY, WEAKENING THE STANDARDS BANKS MUST MEET TO PASS A COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT EXAM. NOT SURPRISINGLY, DURING DONALD TRUMP'S FIRST YEAR IN OFFICE, THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT SCOUNDRELS DID NOT SUE A SINGLE LOUSY LENDER FOR RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. A growing housing gap THE DISPROPORTIONATE DENIALS AND LIMITED ANTI-DISCRIMINATION ENFORCEMENT HELP EXPLAIN WHY THE HOMEOWNERSHIP GAP BETWEEN WHITES AND AFRICAN AMERICAN'S IS NOW WIDER THAN IT WAS DURING THE JIM CROW ERA. IN THE UNITED STATES, "WEALTH AND FINANCIAL STABILITY ARE INEXTRICABLY LINKED TO HOUSING OPPORTUNITY AND HOMEOWNERSHIP," SAID LISA RICE, EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL FAIR HOUSING ALLIANCE, AN ADVOCACY GROUP. "FOR A TYPICAL FAMILY, THE LARGEST SHARE OF THEIR WEALTH EMANATES FROM HOMEOWNERSHIP AND HOME EQUITY." The latest figures from the U.S. Census Bureau show the median net worth for an African American family is now $9,000, compared with $132,000 for a white family. Latino families did not fare much better at $12,000. Lenders and their trade organizations do not dispute the fact that they turn away people of color at rates far greater than whites. But they maintain that the disparity can be explained by two factors the industry has fought to keep hidden: the prospective borrowers' credit history and overall debt-to-income ratio. They singled out the three-digit credit score - which banks use to determine whether a borrower is likely to repay a loan - as especially important in lending decisions. "While quite informative regarding the state of the lending market," the records analyzed by Reveal do "not include sufficient data to make a determination regarding fair lending," the Mortgage Bankers Association's chief economist, Mike Fratantoni, said in a statement. The American Bankers Association said the lack of federal enforcement proves discrimination is not rampant, and individual lenders told Reveal that they had hired outside auditing firms, which found they treated loan applicants fairly regardless of race. "We are committed to fair lending and continually review our compliance programs to ensure that all loan applicants are receiving fair treatment," Boston-based Santander Bank said in a statement. This Nov. 12, 2017, photo provided by Reveal shows Point Breeze neighborhood in Philadelphia. Fifty years after the federal Fair Housing Act banned racial discrimination in lending, African Americans and Latinos continue to be routinely denied conventional mortgage loans at (Sarah Blesener / Reveal via AP) New Jersey-based TD Bank, which denied a higher proportion of black and Latino applicants than any other major lender, said it "makes credit decisions based on each Customer's credit profile, not on factors such as race or ethnicity." Reveal's analysis included all records publicly available under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, covering nearly every time an American tried to buy a home with a conventional mortgage in 2015 and 2016. It controlled for nine economic and social factors, including an applicant's income, the amount of the loan, the ratio of the size of the loan to the applicant's income and the type of lender, as well as the racial makeup and median income of the neighborhood where the person wanted to buy property. Credit score was not included because that information is not publicly available. That's because lenders have deflected attempts to force them to report that data to the government, arguing it would not be useful in identifying discrimination. In an April policy paper, the American Bankers Association said reporting credit scores would be expensive and "cloud any focus" the disclosure law has in identifying discrimination. America's largest bank, JP MORGON CHASE & CO., HAS ARGUED THAT THE DATA SHOULD REMAIN CLOSED OFF EVEN TO ACADEMICS, CITING PRIVACY CONCERNS. STUDIES HAVE FOUND PROPRIETARY CREDIT SCORE ALGORITHMS TO HAVE A DISCRIMINATORY IMPACT ON BORROWERS OF COLOR. THE NEANDERTHAL "DECADES-OLD CREDIT SCORING MODEL" CURRENTLY USED "DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT CONSUMER DATA ON RENT, UTILITY, AND CELLPHONE BILL PAYMENTS," "THIS EXCLUSION DISPROPORTIONATELY HURTS AFRICAN-AMERICAN, LATINOS, AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE OTHERWISE CREDIT-WORTHY." ___ A CASE STUDY: PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA WAS ONE OF THE LARGEST CITIES IN AMERICA WHERE AFRICAN AMERICAN'S WERE DISPROPORTIONATELY TURNED AWAY WHEN THEY TRIED TO BUY A HOME. AFRICAN AMERICAN'S AND NON-HISPANIC WHITES MAKE UP A SIMILAR SHARE OF THE POPULATION THERE, BUT THE DATA SHOWED WHITES RECEIVED 10 TIMES AS MANY CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE LOANS IN 2015 AND 2016. WHAT BLATANT DISPLAY OF SYSTEMIC RACISM! BANKS ARE FOCUSED ON SERVING THE WHITE PARTS OF TOWN, PLACING NEARLY three-quarters of ALL BRANCHES IN WHITE-MAJORITY NEIGHBORHOODS, COMPARED WITH 10 PERCENT FOR BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS. Reveal's analysis also showed that the greater the number of African Americans or Latinos in a neighborhood there, the more likely a loan application there would be denied - even after accounting for income and other factors. When Faroul applied for a loan in April 2016, she thought she was an ideal candidate. She holds a degree from Northwestern University, had a good credit score and estimates she was making $60,000 a year while teaching computer programming as a contractor for Rutgers University. Still, her initial loan application was denied by Philadelphia Mortgage Advisors, an independent broker that made nearly 90 percent of its loans to whites in 2015 and 2016. "I'm sorry," broker Angela Tobin wrote to Faroul in an email. Faroul's contract income wasn't consistent enough, she said. So Faroul got a full-time job at the University of Pennsylvania managing a million-dollar grant. We are committed to fair lending and continually review our compliance programs to ensure that all loan applicants are receiving fair treatment. But that still wasn't enough. When she tried again a year later, this time at Santander Bank, a Spanish firm with U.S. headquarters in Boston, the process dragged on for months. Eventual

HUMAN ERASERS?

ARE PEOPLE WHO VANDALIZE, THE BLACK LIVES MATTER PROPERTY, [HUMAN ERASERS]? OR JUST PLAIN OLE ASS-HOLES, DEFACING WHAT ESSENTIALLY IS GOVERNMENT PROPERTY?

CAN'T PUT REPARATIONS IN THE REAR VIEW...

CAN'T PUT REPARATIONS IN THE HANDS OF FATE, AIN'T NOBODY GOT TIME TO WAIT... CAN'T PUT REPARATIONS IN THE REAR VIEW, IT'S NOW OR NEVER, SO THAT WILL NEVER DO...

BLACKTOP...

STIMULUS TO GROOVE AND BLACK TOP REPARATION ROAD__

WHY INCOME INEQUALITY SUCK!

(73.)IT HAS BEEN SAID, INCOME INEQUALITY HASN'T BEEN THIS EXTREME SINCE THE NINETEEN-TWENTIES.

LIT...

(71.) FIRST AND FOREMOST WE MUST PRAY, THAT GOD HAS OPENED OUR EYES, AND WANT US TO STAY WOKE!

SO SUPPORT THE ACLU, NAACP, THE URBAN LEAGUE, AARP, NATO, WORLD COURT, AND THE UN.

THERE ARE SO MANY MORE CANDLES LIT THAN BEFORE, IN SUPPORT OF [BLACK LIVES MATTER] BECAUSE, WHITE PEOPLES CANDLES ARE LIT!

AND JUST AS THEY DID DURING SLAVERY, THEY WELCOME BLACKS IN THEIR HOUSE-HOLD, AND FULLY SUPPORT BLACKS EQUALITY EFFORTS!

WAL THEMSELVES OFF FROM THE WORLD...

(72.) AMERICAN'S WHO ARE CONCERNED ABOUT RISING INCOME INEQUALITY and who speak out in favor of policies traditionally considered to be antithetical to their economic interest have begun to promote higher taxes on the wealthy.

And they're quick to point out, there's no Envy or jealousy just common sense, pay your a share tax measures!

And walling themselves off from the world is a personal choice, but we have no choice, we all must pay Uncle Sam's taxes.

SHAVING BENEFITS...

(71.) IT IS SOMETHING THAT THE WHOLE GOP IS ENGAGED IN—SHAVING EVERY BENEFIT OFF WORKERS’ AND RETIREES LIVES, MAKING SURE THEY ARE LIVING IN POVERTY OR CLOSE TO IT, AS IS ODIOUSLY POSSIBLE.

ABIGGAL DISNEY

(70.) ABIGGAIL DISNEY, AN HEIR TO THE DISNEY FORTUNE, WANTS TO CONVINCE MORE PEOPLE THAT SYSTEMIC CHANGE IS NEEDED.

ALL BY HIS LONESOME...

(68.) ANY GUY WHO HAS A CONFEDERATE FLAG PAINTED ON THE BACK OF HIS PICK-UP, ALONG WITH A ROPE NOOSE IS ONLY  REMINDING HIMSELF, OF THE 10/20 COWARD RULE FOR HANGING, HE COULD NEVER HANG A MAN, ALL BY HIS LONESOME, HE'D BE IN FOR THE FIGHT OF HIS LIFE! HE HIMSELF, MIGHT GET THE NOOSE! YOU SEE COWARD COPS KILL BLACKS WITH GUNS, OR FIVE/SIX COPS MURDER A SINGLE BLACK MAN, BECAUSE SOME COPS FEAR A ONE-ON-ONE CONFRONTATION, ONLY A FEW DON'T!

ANCESTORS...

(67.) THE AIM OF THE SOCIETY IS TO PROMOTE GENEALOGY AND LOCAL HISTORY PARTICULARLY PERTAINING TO ANCESTORS.

WHO'S COUNTING?

(65.) SLAVERY REPARATIONS COULD CARRY A $17.1 TRILLION PRICE TAG. OR $51 TRILLION. IT DEPENDS ON WHO'S DOING THE MATH.

WOE WHOA...

(65.) WOE TO THOSE WHO MAKE UNJUST LAWS, WHO ISSUE OPPRESSIVE DECREES, TO DEPRIVE THE POOR AND OTHERS OF THEIR INALIENABLE RIGHTS AND WITHHOLD JUSTICE FROM THE OPPRESSED OF MY PEOPLE, MAKING WIDOWS THEIR PREY AND ROBBING THE FATHERLESS. ISAIAH 10:1-2

WHITE PRIVILEGE, REARS IT'S UGLY HEAD PERIODICALLY...

(64.) WHITE PEOPLE IN AMERICA WANT THE [SYSTEMIC RACIST] POLICE STATE TO PROTECT THEIR [WHITE PRIVILEGE] INTERESTS OVER THE INALIENABLE RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF PEOPLE OF COLOR, AND IN FAR TOO MANY CASES, BROWN INDIGENOUS AND ASIAN POPULATIONS TOO.

OUR WHOLE COUNTRY IS WOKE, ARTICULATING ANSWERS TO THIS PREDICAMENT OF BRUTALITY, GEORGE FLOYD WAS THE STRAW THAT BROKE THE CAMEL'S BACK!

LET'S BE CLEAR, WE WANT NOTHING YOU'VE GOT FOR REAL, WE'RE JUST OUT, TO EVEN THE PLAYING FIELD WE DON'T GO AROUND FOOLING OURSELVES, [YOU'RE TOO FAR GONE], THAT TRAIN, HAS LEFT THE STATION!

AND WE'RE NOT PLAYING CATCH-UP, IT'S NOT THAT TYPE OF PARTY. ALL WE WANT IS OUR PIECE OF THE ROCK! OUR FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE IS TO THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE, BUILDING EQUITY IN OUR COMMUNITY PARADIGM, IS WHAT OUR ANCESTORS ALWAYS ENVISIONED FOR THEMSELVES, AND THEIR CHILDREN, GRAND CHILDREN AND GENERATIONS TO COME!

SYSTEMIC WHITE SUPREMACY, SUPPRESSION AND DISCRIMINATION HINDERED THEIR HOPES AND DREAMS. AND RACIAL INEQUITIES HAVE DEVASTATED BLACK COMMUNITIES EVERYWHERE, AS IT RELATES TO AN INEQUITABLE CASH FLOW FOR CRITICAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND UPGRADING THE INFRASTRUCTURE IN BLACK COMMUNITIES EVERYWHERE.

WEALTH BUILDING THROUGH HOME OWNERSHIP IS A GIVEN, BUT THERE HAS ALWAYS BEEN WAY TOO MUCH BIAS, PREJUDICE AND BIGOTRY, IN THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY, COMBINE THAT WITH SYSTEMIC RACISM, YOU HAVE A RUN-AWAY FREIGHT TRAIN, THAT HAS JUMPED THE TRACKS.

NOW WE HAVE TO CALL IN THE OFFICIAL HEAVY EQUIPMENT, AND FIND OUT WHY, SUCH A NEFARIOUS CONFEDERATE AGENDA WAS NOT INTERCEPTED, AND TAKEN THE OTHER WAY, TO KEEP THE SCORE EVEN?

OUR ANCESTORS WENT OUT OF THEIR WAY, TO JOIN FORCES WITH THE GREAT NORTHERN UNION [USA] AND DESERVED BETTER. CONFEDERATES SHOULD HAVE NEVER BEEN AFFORDED THE OPPORTUNITY TO DOMINATE THEIR EX-SLAVES, ALSO CIVIL WAR FOES, IT'S UNCONSCIONABLE WHAT THE NORTHERN UNION'S BENIGN NEGLECTION ALLOWED THE VINDICTIVE CONFEDERATES TO CONCEIVE AND LEGISLATE.

THEY WOULD UNLEASH AN OPPRESSIVE, OFFENSIVE AND ODIOUS SUPPRESSIVE OPERATION CALLED, SYSTEMIC RACISM, EXPRESSLY TO HARASS, HINDER AND HUMULIATE BLACK PEOPLE!

AND NOW THE TABLES HAVE TURNED, PEOPLE ARE NOT ONLY WOKE, BUT WILL STAY WOKE UNTIL THERE'S RESOLUTION, [NO JUSTICE, NO SLEEP]!

TODAY'S GENERATION IS DOING ALL THE THINGS NECESSARY FROM PRESIDENT OBAMA'S CHANGE PLATFORM. AND THE MEASURES THE REPUBLICANS TOOK TO SUPPRESS THE PRESIDENT'S AGENDA WAS CRIMINAL, UNPATRIOTIC AND UN-AMERICAN.

PEOPLE FROM ALL WALKS OF LIFE ARE ON TO CONFEDERATES, AND ON TO REPUBLICANS AND ON TO THE HEINOUS PARADIGM OF CONFEDERATE, SYSTEMIC RACISM! SO MAKE NO MISTAKE, PRESIDENT OBAMA EMBODIES THE EXAMPLE OF A PROTOTYPE PHENOMENAL BLACK MAN, AND THIS WHOLE-WIDE WORLD GOT TO SEE WHAT A GREAT GUY HE IS, WHAT A GREAT HUSBAND HE IS, GREAT FATHER BOND, GREAT LEADER AND GREAT COMMMUNITY CONNECTION. PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA ALSO EXEMPLIFIES ALL THE QUALITIES  IT TAKES, TO BE A BONA-FIDE WORLD LEADER, AND LEAVES A LASTING IMPRESSION ON PEOPLE, WHEREEVER GOES!

AND SURE HE'S AN HISTORICAL AND LEGENDARY FIGURE, BUT THE WORLD COMMUNITY WAS ADDRESSED AS NO MODERN DAY AMERICAN LEADER HAS EVER DONE BEFORE, HE GAVE PEOPLE HOPE, IN SOME WALKS OF LIFE, HE BECAME [THE OPPOSITE] OF A FALSE PROPHET!

SO IN DONALD TRUMP YOU HAVE A CORRUPT, JELLY AND DIVISIVE INDIVIDUAL WHO IS SO NAIVE AND INCOMPETENT IT'S PATHETIC.

AND JUST PRIOR TO THE 2020 PANDEMIC, HE ABOLISHED THE ENTIRE PANDEMIC UNIT, PRESIDENT OBAMA HAD ESTABLISHED, IN A JUVENILE-LIKE DISPLAY OF ARROGANCE AND IGNORANCE, AS THE PANDEMIC RAVAGES UNCONTROLLABLY ACROSS THE NATION, THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION, HAS NO NATIONAL, OR RATIONAL PLAN! AFTER TRUMP, JOE BIDEN BECAME A GOD SEND! AT A POINT, TRUMP THOUGHT HE WAS ABOVE THE LAW, BEFORE THE [SCOTUS RULED OTHERWISE].

IT SHOULD BE DULY NOTED, PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA HAS NO SKELETONS IN THE CLOSET, CAN'T SAY THE SAME FOR TRUMP.

OBAMACARE, SLIPPERY SLOPE...

(63.) THE STAGE WAS SET, FOR SCOTUS TO PERFORM THE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE ACT, THE THOUGHT OF ABOLISHMENT BROKE THE CAMELS BACK, AS OF 2020 MILLIONS HAD HEALTHCARE, STILL INTACT!

OBAMACARE HAS MANY PROGRESSIVE LEGAL RAMIFICATIONS, WHICH THE CONSERVATIVE REPUBLICANS WERE SOON TO DISCOVER.

SO THE DEGREE OF SOPHISTICATION FOR THE GOP AND SCOTUS WAS ASTONISHING, PRESIDENT OBAMA AND THE DEMOCRATS ACA LAW IS TIGHT, AND PROVED TO BE A VERY SLIPPERY SLOPE!

BLACK AND WHITE, NOW IS LIT, HOGWASH, BULLSHYT...

(62.) IOT CIVIL WAR PARADIGM, IT'S VERY SIMPLE THE GOP/REPUBLICAN ALGORITHM IS LIKE THE CARTOON ON PBS WITH THE DINOSAUR TRAIN, A TROGLODYTE TRAIN FULL OF CONFEDERATE LOONEY TUNE REJECTS.

ON THE OTHER TRACK GOOGLE, AMAZON, LINKEDIN, PINTEREST, WORDPRESS, SMASHWORDS AND SO MANY OTHERS, THROUGH THE CURVE, ARE PROGRESSIVELY ENGINEERING AUTONOMOUS JEEPS, TANKS, HEAVY ARTILLERY TRUCKS, DRONES AND LEVITATION TRAINS!

ALL IS FAIR IN WAR!

NOTHING HAS CHANGED SENCE THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, HIGHER-GROUND IS MORE THAN AN ALGORITHM, IT IS THE KEY TO VISTORY IN ALMOST ANY BATTLE FOUGHT.

THE CYBERSPAGE CIVIL WAR ON THE IOT IS ONE THE CONFEDERATES ONCE AGAIN, CAN NOT WIN, TYRANNY, SCANDALS, AND FOREIGN INTERFERENCE, MEDDLING, REGULATING AND TROLLING WON'T CUT THE MUSTARD.

WORLD-WIDE THE POPULATION IS WOKE, DO IN NO SMALL PART TO PRESIDENT OBAMA.

EACH AND EVERY TIME TRUMP TRIED TO DISCREDIT HIM, ONLY  REMINDED PEOPLE OF HOW BRILLIANT, DYNAMIC AND ARTICULATE THE PRESIDENT HAS BEEN, NOT ONLY HERE IN AMERICA BUT SPANDING THE GLOBE!

PRESIDENT OBAMA JUST HAS A CHARMING, MAGNETIC PERSONALITY, AND HE'S A VERY DIGNIFIED COMMUNITY WORKER TO BOOT.

SO THE MENTAL DISORDER THAT WAS EVIDENT IN A FEW KLAN MEMBERS AND OTHERS, WHO PUBLICLY WOULD SAY BLACK AND WHITES WERE A TOXIC MIX, AND HERE YOU HAD A WORLD LEADER, WITH BLACK AND WHITE PARENTS, FOR ALL THE WORLD TO SEE.

THE PRESIDENT'S PARENTS [THANK GOD] DEBUNKED THAT RACIST NARRATIVE!

AND WE MUST REMEMBER TO PROTECT OURSELVES AT ALL TIMES.

SO IF YOU ARE DRIVING AND A COP PULLS YOU OVER, BEAR IN MIND, YOU DON'T HAVE TO SAY ANYTHING, YOU CAN STATE, I HAVE THE RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY!

TRUST ME, IT REALLY KILLS THEM [CONFEDERATES] THAT THE IOT IS A PROGRESSIVE ENTITY, AND THEY CAN GAIN NO MAJORITY FOOTING, IT'S VERY MUCH LIKE THE INTERNET [TAKING THE HIGHER-GROUND, HENCE CIVIL WAR IOT! AND THAT PARADIGM IS NOT GOING TO CHANGE ANY TIME SOON.

WHEN YOU WITNESS ARMED INDIVIDUALS, CONFEDERATE [MILITIA], REMEMBER THEY ARE A BUNCH OF RACIST MENTALLY DISTURBED, PROVOCATIVE MINIONS, OUT TO GET ATTENTION AND FOIL PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATION.

THEY MIGHT PUSH OR SHOVE TO PROVOKE A CONFRONTATION, THEY ARE NOTHING MORE THAN YOUR TYPICAL TROUBLE MAKER THUGS!

SO BEWARE AND PROTECT YOURSELF AT ALL TIMES.

THE WORLD HAS PROGRESSED TO THE POINT OF GOVERNMENT ACKNOWLEDGING SYSTEMIC RACISM AND GOVERNING ACCORDINGLY.

INDIVIDUALS WHO DISAGREE, STICK OUT LIKE A SORE THUMB, AS WE WITNESS THEM AT GATHERINGS, SUPPOSEDLY HOPPING MAD ABOUT THE REVOLUTION UNFOLDING BEFORE THEM, AS BECOME THE MINORITY!

AND THERE AIN'T A DAMN THING THEY CAN DO ABOUT IT. THIS MIND-SET IS NO MORE THAN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY REGRESSION, [THEY WANT TO KEEP THEIR SLAVES] ONLY NOW, IT'S POLICY, THEY WANT SYSTEMIC RACISM TO CONTINUE, NO MATTER HOW UNFAIR, HOW DISCRIMINATORY IT'S DISADVANTAGES MANIFEST, THESE SELF-SERVING HOOLIGANS CAN BE A PAIN, BECAUSE THEY NEVER THINK AHEAD, NEVER THINK OF OTHERS, SO OTHERS HAVE TO PUT SOMETHING ON THEIR MIND!

SOCIAL CHANGE, AS PRESIDENT OBAMA SAID, WON'T BE EASY, BOY IS HE RIGHT.

THE ONLY THING HE DIDN'T MENTION, CHANGE IS LIKE A FREIGHT TRAIN, NOTHING CAN STOP IT.

THEY JUST MAY HAVE TO REINVENT PD AND SUPPLIMENT THE COP-SHOP BY HIRING PSYCHOLOGIST AND PSYCHIATRIST TO MONITOR AND ACTUALLY ANSWER CALLS, NOT ASSOCIATED WITH POLICE DUTY, AT THE SAME TIME, EXAMINE PATROL OFFICERS AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL, WITH RED FLAGS!

MILLENNIALS ARE MOVING FORWARD, SO THE ONES ON THAT DINOSAUR TRAIN, ARE GETTING LEFT BEHIND, AND THEY HAVE NO ONE TO BLAME BUT THEMSELVES!

YES, THE WHOLE WORLD WHITES, BLACKS, IMMIGRANTS, LGBTQ, AFRICANS, FRENCH, BRAZILIANS POLITICIAN'S EVEN INMATES ARE  MOVING FORWARD, RUNNING CIRCLES AROUND CONFEDERATE STATUE GEEKS WHO STAND-ALONE IN THEIR REGRESSION ZONE!

HOW SOON THEY TRIP, AND FORGET THEY'RE NOT THE ONLY ONES, IN THE LAND OF MILK AND HONEY. THE FUNNY THING IS CONFEDERATES THINK WE WANT THEIR GUNS AND GOLD, TRUTH OF THE MATTER IS, GUNS AND GOLD IS NOT IMPRESSING US.

WHAT WE SEEK IS GOOD PAYING JOBS, TO AVOID SUB-STANDARD HOUSING, AND THE END TO SYSTEMIC RACISM!

AND REMEMBER IF I TOOK YOUR GUNS AND GOLD, THAT WOULD MAKE IT A CRIME, SO YOU'RE INSANE IN THE MEMBRANE TO UTTER SUCH NON-SENSE.

WE'RE ONLY OUT FOR JUSTICE, NO JUSTICE, NO SLEEP!

IOT CIVIL WAR... PRESIDENT OBAMA IS A GOD-SEND, PEOPLE EVERYWHERE GOT TO WITNESS A BRILLIANT, INGENIOUS, WORLD RENOWNED, ATTORNEY ARTICULATE, DIGNIFIED AND HONORABLE PERSON OF COLOR, WHAT A GOD SEND!

BECAUSE THE MEDIA HAVE FOR SO LONG DEPICTED US IN A VERY NEGATIVE LIGHT, AS DRUG DEALERS, ROBBERS, PIMPS AND THIEVES.

THE MEDIA HAVE BLOOD ON IT'S HANDS AS WILLING PARTICIPANTS IN THE CARNAGE OF PEOPLE OF COLOR, AND NEFARIOUS DESIGNED NARRATIVES AND IMAGES IN THE WORLD OF SYSTEMIC RACISM!

SO INSTITUTIONAL RACISM BENEFITS WHITE PEOPLE, AND DENIES BLACK PEOPLE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR FAR TOO LONG!
WHAT'S THE ANSWER?
IS THE ANSWER REFORM?

SHOULD WE REVISIT THE CONSTITUTION?

ARE WE HEADED FOR IOT CIVIL WAR?

HOW LONG DID CONFEDERATES THINK THEY COULD GET AWAY WITH SYSTEMIC RACISM?

IS THE NORTH GUILTY OF KICKING ASS?

WAS IT DESIGNED WITH VENGEANCE IN MIND, FOR THE NORTHERN UNION ENDING SLAVERY?

WAS THE ENDING OF SLAVERY, THE BEGINNING OF SYSTEMIC RACISM?

IS SYSTEMIC RACISM A DIRECT RESULT OF THE CONFEDERACY?

WERE THEY [CONFEDERATES] REPATRIATED AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE CIVIL WAR?

IF NOT, WHY? IS THAT WHY  MILITARY BASES ARE NAMED IN HONOR OF ENEMY, COMBATANTS?

ARE CONFEDERATES BEING PROPERLY PREPARED FOR LOOMING CHANGE?

WILL THE LAND OF MILK AND MONEY FOR CONFEDERATES NOW BECOME THE REAL LAND OF MILK AND HONEY FOR ALL?

WHY DO CONFEDERATES REBEL, AGAINST THE CURRENT OF INEQUALITIES AND INEVITABLE CHANGE?

SO, MAYBE CONFEDERATES NEED THEIR OWN COUNTRY, BECAUSE THIS IS MY COUNTRY TOO, ALONG WITH MILLIONS OF OTHERS, WHITE PRIVILEGE BENEFITS FROM THE SYSTEMIC RACISM PARADIGM, AND SOME WHITES (NOT CONFEDERATE) ARE UNWILLING TO BUDGE,  UNWILLING TO SHARE THE LAND OF MILK AND HONEY.

CONFEDERATES NEVER DID LIKE U.S GOVERNMENT POLICY, BECAUSE THERE WAS LEGISLATION THAT WOULD ABOLISH THEIR SLAVERY, SO THE NARROW MINDED CREEPS, WENT TO WAR ABOUT IT AND LOST, BIG TIME!

WHY DON'T THEY JUST JET?

THAT'S RIGHT, THEY'RE TAKING, [THE DINOSAUR TRAIN!

UNPATRIOTIC ACTS...

(60.) IT IS TIME FOR A CHANGE MOST, PASSIONATELY BELIEVE, THEIR ANCESTORS' NAMES SHOULD, AS ONE OF THE SENATE BILLS STIPULATES, BE EXCISED FROM ALL MILITARY MONUMENTS, BUILDINGS, STREETS, SHIPS, PLANES OR PARAPHERNALIA. A MINORITY OF THEM ARE EQUALLY FERVENT THAT THEIR ANCESTORS DESERVE TO BE HONORED. AND SOME WHO HOLD THESE DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSING VIEWS ARE IN THE SAME FAMILY. SOME OF THE KIDN OF THE NOTORIOUS NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST, WHO HAS A STREET NAMED IN HIS HONOR, AT FORT CAMPBELL IN KENTUCKY, ARE NOT ON SPEAKING TERMS OVER THE ISSUE. MOST DESCENDANTS OF LEONIDAS PolOLK WANT THE BASE NAMED FOR HIM CHANGED, BUT NOT ALL. THE DESCENDANTS OF GENERAL A.P. HILL INSIST THAT RENAMING THE BASE BEARING HIS NAME WOULD BE AN UNJUST HUMILIATION. THE RELATIVES OF GENERAL JOHN BELL HOOD ARE TORN ABOUT HOW TO STRIKE THE PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN RIGHTING THE WRONGS OF HISTORY AND STILL ACKNOWLEDGING THEIR ANCESTOR'S HONORABLE POST-WAR ACCOMPLISHMENTS. THE ARMY BASES IN QUESTION ARE FORT RUCKER IN ALABAMA; FORTS BENNING AND GORDON IN GEORGIA; FORT POLK AND CAMP BEAUREGARD IN LOUISIANA; FORT BRAGG IN NORTH CAROLINA; FORT HOOD IN TEXAS; AND FORTS A.P. HILL, PICKETT AND LEE IN VIRGINIA. THEY WERE ESTABLISHED LONG AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, MAINLY AT TWO KEY JUNCTURES WHEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WAS UNDERTAKING MAJOR MILITARY BUILDUPS—FIRST TO WAGE WORLD WAR I AND THEN WORLD WAR II AT THE TIME, WHEN THE MILITARY WAS STILL SEGREGATED INTO BLACK AND WHITE UNITS, MANY ELECTED LEADERS FROM THE SOUTH, INCLUDING POWERFUL MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, WERE AVOWED RACIST. THEY ALSO SOUGHT TO RECAST THE CIVIL WAR AS NOT ABOUT SLAVERY BUT A DEFENSE OF STATES’ RIGHTS. ONLY RECENTLY HAS THE ARMY SAID THERE IS REASON TO RECONSIDER THE NAMES. AS RECENTLY AS 2015, FOLLOWING A DEADLY MASS SHOOTING IN A BLACK CHURCH IN SOUTH CAROLINA BY A WHITE SUPREMACIST, MAJOR GENERAL MALCOLM FROST, THEN THE ARMY'S CHIEF SPOKESMAN, EXPLAINED THAT “EVERY ARMY INSTALLATION IS NAMED FOR A SOLDIER WHO HOLDS A PLACE IN OUR MILITARY HISTORY.” HE STRESSED THAT THE NAMES “REPRESENT INDIVIDUALS, NOT CAUSES OR IDEOLOGIES,” AND THE DECISION TO NAME BASES FOR CONFEDERATES WAS “IN THE SPIRIT OF RECONCILIATION, NOT DIVISION.” “CONFEDERATE GENERALS WERE NOT MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY SO I THINK THE ARMY POST SHOULD BE NAMED FOR PEOPLE WHO SERVED IN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY.” BUT FOR MANY IN THE BLOODLINE OF THESE REBEL OFFICERS, THERE IS NO DOUBT ABOUT WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE TODAY. “I THINK WHITE PEOPLE SHOULD FOLLOW THE LEAD OF BLACK ACTIVIST AND PEOPLE OF COLOR MORE BROADLY FIGHTING AGAINST INEQUALITY AND FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, AND SUPPORT THIS STRUGGLE IN ANY WAY WE CAN,”  THE GORDON ANCESTORS, WANT GEORGIA'’S FORT  GORDON RENAMED SO IT IS NOT HONORING A LEADING WHITE SUPREMACIST. FOR OTHERS, SUCH A MOVE WOULD BE AN AFFRONT. “NO. ABSOLUTELY NOT,” SAID TIM HILL, 53, WHEN ASKED IF THE POST IN VIRGINIA NAMED FOR HIS DIRECT ANCESTOR, A.P. HILL, SHOULD BE CHANGED. “AT THE TIME, HE FOUGHT FOR WHAT HE BELIEVED IN. FROM WHAT I’VE READ, THE FIGHT FOR HIM WASN'T’ ABOUT SLAVERY, IT WAS JUST ABOUT, HE REFERRED TO IT AS ‘NORTHERN AGGRESSION.’” OTHERS SAY THEY ARE STILL STRUGGLING WITH HOW THEIR ANCESTOR'S LEGACY SHOULD BE REMEMBERED. HOOD'S COUSIN, STEPHEN M. “SAM” HOOD, WHO HAS PUBLISHED TWO BOOKS ABOUT THE GENERAL, MAINTAINS IT IS “INSTRUCTIVE TO LOOK AT THE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE HONORED, NOT THE CAUSES FOR WHICH THEY SERVED FOR A BRIEF PERIOD OF THEIR LIVES OR CAREERS.” BUT MOST OF THE DESCENDANTS WHO HAVE SHARED THEIR VIEWS SAY IT IS PAST TIME TO HONOR ONLY AMERICAN'S WHOM EVERYONE CAN AGREE ARE DESERVING. “WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY THAT WE SHOULD BE VALUING THAT WE’RE NOT AND I THINK NOW IS THE TIME TO REASSESS THOSE THINGS AND HAVE OTHER PEOPLE—NATIVE AMERICAN'S, WOMEN, IIII AMERICAN'S,” SAYS MILBRY POLK, 66, WHOSE FOREBEAR GEN. LEONIDAS POLK IS HONORED WITH FORT POLK IN LOUISIANA. “SO MANY PEOPLE MAKE UP OUR FABRIC OF AMERICA THAT WE SHOULD BE LOOKING FOR ROLE MODELS THERE, NOT JUST PEOPLE WHO WERE GENERALS.”

AIR FRY IS IN...

(58.) TIMES UP, TIME TO DEGREASE YOUR LIFE, RELEASE THE GREASE, TIME YOU BECAME, THE HEALTHY GAL AND GUY, GREASY IS OUT, GO 360/XL GOOD/SEASONING AIR-FRY IS IN.

UNCUT, THE BOMB...

(57.) GEORGE CLINTON/DOCTOR FUNKENSTEIN. PARLIAMENT/FUNKADELIC, THE ONLY BAND IN MODERN, MUSICAL HISTORY, WITH IT'S OWN SPACESHIP AND AFRONAUT/CLONES OF DR.FUNKENSTEIN.

WITH THE LIKES OF AFRONAUTS BOOTSY COLLINS, MACEO PARKER, FRED WESLEY, BERNIE WORRELL, GLENN GOINS, WHAT A PHENOMENAL INCREDIBLY, CREATIVE AND ORIGINAL CREW.

AND BOOTSY HAD A VERY UNIQUE AUDIO THANKS TO GEORGE CLINTON, WHO HAD PURCHASED, SOMETHING CALLED [MUTRON II] CREATING A SIGNATURE SOUND!

GEORGE CLINTON KNEW IT WOULD BE A SMASH, AND BLAST THE FUNK AND BOOTSY TO NEW HEIGHTS.

GEORGE CLINTON WAS RIGHT, THE "MOTHERSHIP HAS LANDED" RIGHT SMACK DAB IN THE PAGES OF HISTORY, AT THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE IN WASHINGTON, DC.

HOUSING CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY...

(5?.) IN THE WAKE OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION, THE U.S. GOVERNMENT DEVELOPED A SYSTEM OF FEDERAL AGENCIES AIMED AT BUILDING COMMUNITY WEALTH THROUGH HOMEOWNERSHIP.

THIS VAST NETWORK BUILT WEALTH AT THE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY LEVEL FOR MILLIONS OF WHITE PEOPLE — YES ONLY IF THEY WERE WHITE.

BUILDING ON CENTURIES OF INEQUALITIES, THESE DISCRIMINATORY POLICIES AND SYSTEMIC RACIST PRACTICES LED TO RAMPANT SEGREGATION. AN ANNAL REPORT RELEASED BY THE NATIONAL FAIR HOUSING ALLIANCE HIGHLIGHTS THE IMPACT  SEGREGATION HAS HAD ON FAIR HOUSING, AS WELL AS THE WAYS IN WHICH [CURRENT POLICIES] AND PRACTICES CONTINUE TO REINFORCE AND PERPETRATE SEGREGATION AND INEQUALITY.

“THE CASE FOR FAIR HOUSING,” COMPILES DATA FROM A LARGE SWATH OF FAIR HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO PROVIDE A CONTEMPORARY SNAPSHOT OF HOUSING DISCRIMINATION. HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST STRIKING FINDINGS FROM THE REPORT.

THERE WERE 28,181 COMPLAINTS OF HOUSING DISCRIMINATION IN 2016. THESE COMPLAINTS TOOK MANY FORMS: A COLLEGE DENYING A STUDENT OF A REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION REQUESTS; DENIAL OF MOBILE HOME RENTALS TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN APPLICANTS; DISCRIMINATORY CONCENTRATION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING; REFUSAL TO RENT TO PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES; HOUSING DISCRIMINATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND SITES LIKE AIRBNB; DISCRIMINATORY TARGETING OF PREDATORY LENDING AGAINST BORROWERS REFINANCING THEIR MORTGAGES; OR DISCRIMINATORY MAINTENANCE AND MARKETING OF BANK-OWNED, POST-FORECLOSURE PROPERTIES.

THIS NUMBER LIKELY IS WAY LOW. MOST PEOPLE DON’T REPORT RACIAL, ETHNIC OR RELIGIOUS HOUSING DISCRIMINATION. NFHA ESTIMATES THAT MORE THAN 4 MILLION CASES OF SYSTEMIC RACIST HOUSING DISCRIMINATION OCCUR EACH YEAR.

TIME WE PIGGY-BACKED THESE CASES, OF PURPORTED [CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY].

NO MORE DRUNK DRIVING...

(55.) WITH AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, THERE IS ZERO POSSIBILITY OF ROAD-RAGE, DRUNKEN DRIVING, DIZZINESS, TAIL-GATING, RUNNING REDS, WRECKLESS-SPEEDING, WRECKLESS-DRIVING, EXCESSIVE HORN BLOWS OR THE DRIVER GETTING DROWSY, ALL OF THE ABOVE, CAUSE A LOT OF ACCIDENTS.

REMOVING THE MARGIN OF HUMAN ERROR, UNDOUBTEDLY WOULD LEAD TO A MARKED DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS AND MAKE THE ROADS SAFER, LESS CONGESTED, CONSERVE GAS AND SAVE MANY LIVES, INSTANTLY REINVENTING A FUEL-EFFICIENT REVOLUTION IN DRIVING CULTURE.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES USE TURN SIGNALS 100% OF THE TIME. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ELEMINATE TEXT AND DRIVE, DRUNK AND DRIVE INCIDENTS.

THEY ARE PROGRAMMED TO ALLOW EMERGENCY VEHICLES SAFE PASSAGE.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ARE PROGRAMMED NOT TO RUSH THE INTERSECTION ON A GREEN LIGHT, BUT TO DETECT  RED LIGHT RUNNERS, THEN PROCEED THROUGH CROSSING TRAFFIC.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AT A FOUR-WAY STOP SIGN, WILL OUT PERFORM HUMANS, BECAUSE  THE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES ARE PROGRAMED TO ALLOW THE VEHICLE ON THE RIGHT, FIRST PASSAGE AT ALL TIMES!

AUTONOMOUS SAFETY, LESS FATALIES...

(54.) HOW SAFE ARE AUTONOMOUS CARS? SAFETY CONCERNS REGARDING THE USE OF SELF-DRIVING TECHNOLOGY IS A HOTLY CONTESTED AND DIVISIVE ISSUE.

AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IS STILL LOW, IT'S ONLY NATURAL THAT THE APPREHENSION WOULD STILL LINGER.

THIS WOULD MAKE THE POPULARIZING AUTONOMOUS TECHNOLOGY A MORE DIFFICULT TASK.

LET'S TRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES REALLY ARE.

IT IS WORTH ASKING AT THIS POINT WHETHER DISTRUST OF AUTONOMOUS TECHNOLOGY HAS A SEMBLANCE OF THE REAL TRUTH AND IS IT BACKED BY SOME AUTHORITATIVE RESEARCH, OR JUST A NATURAL APPREHENSION ACCORDING TO THE [WHO], APPROXIMATELY 1 MILLION PEOPLE DIE DUE TO ROAD ACCIDENTS EVERY YEAR.

AND MOST OF THE ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED DUE TO [AVOIDABLE] REASONS.

CONSIDERING THE FACT THAT MORE THAN 90% OF FATAL CAR CRASHES ARE CAUSED DUE TO HUMAN NEGLIGENCE, THE ASSERTION THAT AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WOULD NOT LEAD TO A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF CAR CRASHES, IS SIMPLY ABSURD, AND DEFIES EVEN THE MOST ELEMENTARY LOGIC.

WITH AUTONOMOUS CARS, THERE IS NO POSSIBILITY OF DRUNKEN DRIVING, DIZZINESS OR THE DRIVER GETTING DROWSY, WHICH CAUSES A LOT OF ACCIDENTS.

ALSO, IN THE CASE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE COLLISIONS, STUDIES HAVE FOUND OUT THAT IT IS NOT OFTEN THE CASE OF A  TECHNICAL GLITCH OR SYSTEM MALFUNCTION, BUT HUMAN BEINGS, DARTING ACROSS THE STREETS, CHANGING LANES SUDDENLY, TEXTING WHILE WALKING AND NOT OBSERVING ALL THE TRAFFIC RULES, OR SIMPLY BEING STUPEFIED BY THE SIGHT OF AN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE.

IN THE FUTURE, AS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE EVOLVES, AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WOULD BE ABLE TO PREDICT THE BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS OF THE PEDESTRIANS AND PREPARE THEMSELVES ACCORDINGLY.

THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES THAT CONSISTS OF POWERFUL SENSORS AND LIDARS VIEW THE OBJECTS AHEAD, WITH MUCH MORE CLARITY, PRECISION AND A 360-DEGREE VIEW THAN THE HUMAN EYE AND THEN CHART THE ROUTE OF THE CAR ACCORDINGLY.

While autonomous cars are good at identifying hurdles ahead, it cannot distinguish between pedestrians and inanimate objects.

Also Read: What is the role of LiDAR in autonomous vehicles?

Nevertheless, the metrics of safety considerations cannot overrule autonomous cars because, in any given time and situation, they are statistically safer than human-driven cars, and intelligent AI-powered systems are immune to the foibles and temperamental indiscretions of humans.

What is needed is setting public expectations and gradually erasing doubts that the citizens have.

Along with companies like Waymo, governments should also step in to allay the fears and disseminate the advantages of autonomous cars — that range from reduction in fuel consumption, less traffic congestion to the decreased probability of a collision.

A framework conducive to emerging enterprises and minimal regulations that promote and incentivize innovation is needed, in addition to a dedicated task force and participatory approach between governments and private industry.

No system is engineered to be absolutely free from the probability of error margin.

The error margin can only be made negligible and then the cause of the error can be identified and rectified with a permanent effect.

In autonomous cars, because of extensive research and cutting-edge technical equipment used, the error margin is already very low, and it is possible that it may be obliterated altogether once the test phase is over and the technology incorporates new innovations.

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENORMOUS POTENTIAL OF AUTONOMOUS CAR TECHNOLOGY AND THE BENEFITS IT HAS IN STORE FOR THE SOCIETY, TO WRITE IT OFF AND SPELL DOOM IS AKIN TO THROWING AWAY THE BABY'S PACIFIER ALONG WITH THE BATHWATER!

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES COULD IMPACT OUR LIVES INTRIGUED BY THE INTERSECTIONS OF SOCIETY, POLITICS, POPULAR CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, THE KEY TO UNRAVELING PRESENT COMPLEXITIES LIE IN THE WISDOM OF THE PAST.    

HOUSING DISCRIMINATION, ACROSS THE NATION...

(53.) NFHA ESTIMATES THAT MORE THAN 4 MILLION CASES OF HOUSING DISCRIMINATION OCCUR EACH AND EVERY YEAR. MOST COMPLAINTS MADE ARE ABOUT ACCESSIBILITY BARRIERS AND OTHER DISABILITY ISSUES.

MOUNT RUSHMORE TRUTH...

(52.) THE UNTOLD HISTORY OF MOUNT RUSHMORE: A KKK SYMPATHIZER/MEMBER BUILT THE MONUMENT ON SACRED LAKOTA LAND.  

As tribal governments call on President Trump to cancel his Mount Rushmore Independence Day celebration, we look at why Native Americans have long pushed for the removal of the monument carved into the sacred Black Hills and designed by a sculptor with ties to the Ku Klux Klan.

“This place is very, very sacred to our people,” says Nick Tilsen, president and CEO of the NDN Collective.

“Stealing our land and then carving the faces of four white men who were colonizers, who committed genocide against Indigenous people, is an egregious act of violence.”

RESEARCH CURES, EVERYTHING ELSE IS BULLSHYT!

(51.) THE SWISS GOVERNMENT MEDICAL RESOURCES ARE DIRECTED TOWARDS  CURING! HERE IN AMERICA, BIG PHARMACEUTICAL, ONLY HAVE INTEREST IN TREATMENT.

WHICH METHOD IS MORE EXPEDITIOUS?

WHICH METHOD IS SO NOT MORE FDA SCANDALOUS?

WHICH METHOD IS NOT BASED UPON GREED?

WHICH METHOD IS MORE COMPASSIONATE?

WHICH METHOD SAVES MORE LIVES?

WHICH METHOD IS MORE GREED THAN PASSION?

WHICH METHOD IS FAR MORE ETHICAL?

WHICH METHOD HAS ALEC, GOP, CONSERVATIVE EXTREMIST INFLUENCES?

WHICH METHOD HAS THE  BRIGHTEST MINDS, THROUGH THE CURB?

GOOGLE AND GET IT IN...

(50.) FLEEK: LOOKING GOOD, FOMO: FEAR OF MISSING OUT, BAE: A TERM OF AFFECTION, ICYMI: IN CASE YOU MISSED IT, DEADOUT: RUBBISH OR TIRED, TBT: THROWBACK THURSDAY, LMK: LET ME KNOW, RN: RIGHT NOW, THIRSTY: LOOKING FOR ATTENTION, NSFW: NOT SAFE FOR WORK,

GET IT IN...

(49.) THROUGH THE WORD-UP CURVE, TXT - TEXT GR8 - GREAT M8 - MATE BRB - BE RIGHT BACK ROFL - ROLLING ON THE FLOOR LAUGHING BBZ - BABES L8RZ - SEE YOU LATER GTG - GOT TO GO ENUF - ENOUGH TTYL - TALK TO YOU LATE

INEQUALITIES...

(47.) THE SUBJECT OF CAPITALISM NOW BEING RAISED BY 2020 DEMONSTRATORS, THAT TODAY'S KIND OF ECONOMY,  DEVELOPED HERE IN AMERICA, WAS NOT ONLY A CAPITALIST ECONOMY, BUT ONE THAT WAS SPARKED BY IT'S RELIANCE ON "SLAVE LABOR." WE SEE THAT REFLECTED IN THE PRESENT DAY, IN A MAJOR WAY!

NO CELEBRATING CONFEDERATE HERITAGE!

(46.) NO MORE CELEBRATING AN EXCLUSIONARY CONFEDERATE HERITAGE THAT OPPRESSED AFRICAN AMERICAN'S AND ZEALOUSLY IMPEDED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GAINS FOR CENTURIES.

IT AIN'T OVER

(43.) DO NOT BE DISTRACTED, STAY LAZER FOCUSED, BECAUSE GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE CLOSED! IT AIN'T OVER, [STAY WOKE] ABOVE ALL [STAY HOME]!

BEFORE GAINING OFFICE THE HONORABLE VICE PRESIDENT KAMALA HARRIS ALSO GAINED A LOT OF NOTORIETY BY CALLING OUT BILL BARR FOR HIS SCANDALOUS LIES.

SHE WAS ALSO NOTED FOR HER PROPOSED $4,500 PER MONTH UNTIL THE END OF THE PANDEMIC, AND WE COULDN'T AGREE MORE.

GO TO CHANGE DOT ORG AND SIGN THE PETITION AND POLL "NOW" AND PLEASE SHARE...

THE SLAVERY SYSTEMIC RACISM...

(42.) HOW SLAVERY HELPED BUILD A WORLD ECONOMY!

THE SLAVERY SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES WAS A NATIONAL SYSTEM THAT TOUCHED THE VERY SOUL OF IT'S ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL LIFE.

AFRICAN PEOPLE'S WERE CAPTURED AND TRANSPORTED TO THE AMERICAS TO WORK.

Most European colonial economies in the Americas from the 16th through the 19th century were dependent on enslaved African labor for their survival.

According to European colonial officials, the abundant land they had "discovered" in the Americas was useless without sufficient labor to exploit it.

Slavery systems of labor exploitation were preferred, but neither European nor Native American sources proved adequate to the task.

The trans-Saharan slave trade had long supplied enslaved African labor to work on sugar plantations in the Mediterranean alongside white slaves from Russia and the Balkans.

This same trade also sent as many as 10,000 slaves a year to serve owners in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Iberian Peninsula.

Having proved themselves competent workers in Europe and on nascent sugar plantations on the Madeira and Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, enslaved Africans became the labor force of choice in the Western Hemisphere—so much so that they became the overwhelming majority of the colonial populations of the Americas.

The remaining 5.5 million were African. An average of 80 percent of these enslaved Africans—men, women, and children—were employed, mostly as field-workers.

Women as well as children worked in some capacity.
Only very young children (under six), the elderly, the sick, and the infirm escaped the day-to-day work routine.

More than half of the enslaved African captives in the Americas were employed on sugar plantations.

Sugar developed into the leading slave-produced commodity in the Americas.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Brazil dominated the production of sugarcane.

One of the earliest large-scale manufacturing industries was established to convert the juice from the sugarcane into sugar, molasses, and eventually rum, the alcoholic beverage of choice of the triangular trade.

Ironically, the profits made from the sale of these goods in Europe, as well as the trade in these commodities in Africa, were used to purchase more slaves.

During the 18th century, Saint Domingue (Haiti) surpassed Brazil as the leading sugar-producing colony.

The number of slaves brought to the tiny island of Haiti equaled more than twice the number imported into the United States. The vast majority came during the 18th century to work in the expanding sugar plantation economy.

The Haitian Revolution abolished slavery there and led to the establishment of the first black republic in the Americas.

It also ended Haiti's dominance of world sugar production.
Cuba assumed this position during the 19th century, and even after slavery was abolished there in 1886, sugar remained the foundation of its economy and its primary export commodity throughout the 20th century. Sugar was also produced by slave labor in the other Caribbean islands as well as in Louisiana in the United States.

During the colonial period in the United States, tobacco was the dominant slave-produced commodity.

Concentrated in Virginia and Maryland, tobacco plantations utilized the largest percentage of enslaved Africans imported into the United States prior to the American Revolution. Rice and indigo plantations in South Carolina also employed enslaved African labor.

The American Revolution cost Virginia and Maryland their principal European tobacco markets, and for a brief period of time after the Revolution, the future of slavery in the United States was in jeopardy.

Most of the northern states abolished it, and even Virginia debated abolition in the Virginia Assembly.

The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 gave slavery a new life in the United States.
Between 1800 and 1860, slave-produced cotton expanded from South Carolina and Georgia to newly colonized lands west of the Mississippi.

This shift of the slave economy from the upper South (Virginia and Maryland) to the lower South was accompanied by a comparable shift of the enslaved African population to the lower South and West.

After the abolition of the slave trade in 1808, the principal source of the expansion of slavery into the lower South was the domestic slave trade from the upper South.
By 1850, 1.8 million of the 2.5 million enslaved Africans employed in agriculture in the United States were working on cotton plantations.

The vast majority of enslaved Africans employed in plantation agriculture were field hands. Even on plantations, however, they worked in other capacities. Some were domestics and worked as butlers, waiters, maids, seamstresses, and launderers.
Others were assigned as carriage drivers, hostlers, and stable boys. Artisans—carpenters, stonemasons, blacksmiths, millers, coopers, spinners, and weavers—were also employed as part of plantation labor forces.

Enslaved Africans also worked in urban areas.

Upward of ten percent of the enslaved African population in the United States lived in cities. Charleston, Richmond, Savannah, Mobile, New York, Philadelphia, and New Orleans all had sizable slave populations.

In the southern cities they totaled approximately a third of the population.
The range of slave occupations in cities was vast.

Domestic servants dominated, but there were carpenters, fishermen, coopers, draymen, sailors, masons, bricklayers, blacksmiths, bakers, tailors, peddlers, painters, and porters.

Although most worked directly for their owners, others were hired out to work as skilled laborers on plantations, on public works projects, and in industrial enterprises.

A small percentage hired themselves out and paid their owners a percentage of their earnings.

Each plantation economy was part of a larger national and international political economy. The cotton plantation economy, for instance, is generally seen as part of the regional economy of the American South.

By the 1830s, "cotton was king" indeed in the South. It was also king in the United States, which was competing for economic leadership in the global political economy.

Plantation-grown cotton was the foundation of the antebellum southern economy. But the American financial and shipping industries were also dependent on slave-produced cotton. So was the British textile industry.

Cotton was not shipped directly to Europe from the South.
Rather, it was shipped to New York and then transshipped to England and other centers of cotton manufacturing in the United States and Europe.

As the cotton plantation economy expanded throughout the southern region, banks and financial houses in New York supplied the loan capital and/or investment capital to purchase land and slaves.

Recruited as an inexpensive source of labor, enslaved Africans in the United States also became important economic and political capital in the American political economy.

Enslaved Africans were legally a form of property—a commodity. Individually and collectively, they were frequently used as collateral in all kinds of business transactions.

They were also traded for other kinds of goods and services.
The value of the investments slaveholders held in their slaves was often used to secure loans to purchase additional land or slaves.

Slaves were also used to pay off outstanding debts.
When calculating the value of estates, the estimated value of each slave was included.

This became the source of tax revenue for local and state governments.

Taxes were also levied on slave transactions.
Politically, THE U.S. CONSTITUTION INCORPORATED A FEATURE THAT MADE ENSLAVED AFRICANS POLITICAL CAPITOL—TO THE BENEFIT OF SOUTHERN STATES.

The nefarious three-fifths compromise allowed the southern states to count their slaves as three-fifths of a person for purposes of calculating states' representation in the U.S. Congress.

Thus the balance of power between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states turned, in part, on the three-fifths presence of enslaved Africans in the census.

Slaveholders were taxed on the same three-fifths principle, and no taxes paid on slaves supported the national treasury. In sum, the slavery system in the United States was a national "systemic racist" system that touched the very soul of its economic and political life.

LAUGHING STOCK LEADERSHIP...

(40.) BY DUMB LUCK AND GULLIBLE SUPPORTERS, THE FORMER GUY WAS IN A LEADERSHIP POSITION, NO LEADERSHIP SKILL, CLUELESS, IF HE DID, IT WOULD'VE BEEN IMPLEMENTED AT THE ONSET OF COVID-19!

AND MAYBE SO MANY [500,000] AMERICAN'S WOULDN'T HAVE PERISHED?

WITH [A PROGRAM OR PLAN] IN EFFECT, THIS PANDEMIC, PROBABLY IS SOMEWHAT-DIMINISHED, MORE IMPORTANTLY ATTENTION IS HEIGHTENED, AND PEOPLE ARE PUT IN A POSITION TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AND THERE'S LESS SPREADING THE CORONAVIRUS!

THE CURRENT LEADERS OF GOVERNMENT HAVE LITTLE, IF ANY FORE-SIGHT... FROM THE OUTSET, THERE WAS NO FORECAST OF POTENTIAL IMMINENT DANGER.

AND COVID-19 SHOULD'VE BECOME [TOP PRIORITY], WITH CONTINGENCY PLANS OF CONTAINMENT, AND [COMMON-SENSE APPROACHES]!

BUT THIS ADMINISTRATION IS LEAD BY [CAPTAIN CLOROX] AKA THE LYSOL LIAR.

AND IN THE REALM OF REALITY, [IT AIN'T OVER, STAY HOME]!

BLACKS COMPRISE 12.7% US. POPULATION

(37.) IN JULY 2017, 41.4 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WERE BLACK ALONE, WHICH REPRESENTS 12.7 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION. AFRICAN AMERICAN'S ARE THE SECOND LARGEST MINORITY POPULATION, FOLLOWING THE HISPANIC/LATINO POPULATION.AUG 22, 2019

SLAVE-OWNING US PRESIDENT'S...

(33.) THIS IS A LIST OF PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES WHO OWNED SLAVES.

SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES WAS LEGAL FROM IT'S ORIGINS AS A NATION, HAVING BEEN PRACTICED IN NORTH AMERICA FROM EARLY COLONIAL DAYS.

THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION FORMALLY ABOLISHED SLAVERY, THOUGH THE PRACTICE EFFECTIVELY ENDED ONLY AFTER THE END OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.

IN TOTAL, TWELVE PRESIDENTS OWNED SLAVES AT SOME POINT IN THEIR LIVES, EIGHT OF WHOM OWNED SLAVES WHILE SERVING AS PRESIDENT.

GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT TO OWN SLAVES, INCLUDING WHILE HE WAS PRESIDENT.

ZACHARY TAYLOR WAS THE LAST PRESIDENT TO OWN SLAVES DURING HIS PRESIDENCY, AND ULYSSES S. GRANT WAS THE LAST PRESIDENT TO HAVE OWNED A SLAVE AT SOME POINT IN HIS LIFE.

SLAVE OWNING WAS COMMON AMONG EARLY PRESIDENTS; OF THE FIRST TWELVE, ONLY JOHN ADAMS (2) AND HIS SON JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (6) NEVER OWNED SLAVES, ALTHOUGH TWO OF THE OTHERS (MARTIN VAN BUREN AND WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON) DID NOT OWN SLAVES WHILE SERVING AS PRESIDENT.

THE U.S. PRESIDENT WHO OWNED THE MOST SLAVES WAS THOMAS JEFFERSON, WITH 600+ SLAVES, FOLLOWED BY GEORGE WASHINGTON, WITH 200 SLAVES.

THE PRESIDENTS WHO OWNED THE FEWEST SLAVES WERE MARTIN VAN BUREN AND ULYSSES S. GRANT, WITH ONE SLAVE EACH.

BENEFITING DIRECTLY FROM SLAVERY...

(32.) THE ENSLAVEMENT OF AFRICAN PEOPLE IN THE AMERICAS BY THE NATIONS AND PEOPLE'S OF WESTERN EUROPE, CREATED THE ECONOMIC ENGINE THAT FUNDED MODERN CAPITALISM.

THEREFORE IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE THAT MOST OF THE MAJOR CORPORATIONS THAT WERE FOUNDED BY WESTERN EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN MERCHANTS PRIOR TO ROUGHLY 100 YEARS AGO, BENEFITED DIRECTLY FROM SLAVERY.

ORIGINS OF US SLAVERY...

(31.) JAMES MADISON, JAMES MONROE AND ANDREW JACKSON EACH KEPT SEVERAL DOZEN ENSLAVED WORKERS, AND MARTIN VAN BUREN OWNED ONE DURING HIS EARLY CAREER. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON OWNED SEVERAL INHERITED ENSLAVED PEOPLE BEFORE BECOMING PRESIDENT IN 1841, WHILE JOHN TYLER AND JAMES K.JUL ULYSSES S. GRANT, ABRAHAM LINCOLN... CANDIDATES: JAMES K. POLK, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON [DON TRUMP RENTAL PROPERTIES]!

WIDESPREAD SLAVE OWNERSHIP...

(30.) THE U.K. CENTRAL BANK HAD (27) FORMER MEMBERS, INCLUDING (11) FORMER BANK GOVERNORS AND (16) DIRECTORS, WHO OWNED SLAVES OR PROFITED DIRECTLY FROM THE SLAVE TRADE, ACCORDING TO A [DATABASE MAINTAINED BY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON]. NO MORE, CAT AND MOUSE, TIME TO TAKE IT TO THE HOUSE. THROUGH THE CURVE SUN-SHINE AND RAIN, OFF AND RUNNING, OFF THE CHAIN

CHANGE IS A MUST...

(27.) THE TRUTH OFTHE BLACK LIVES MATTER IS THAT TOO OFTEN THE COLOR OF YOUR SKIN ALONE CAN ENDANGER YOUR LIFE AND, FOR FAR TOO LONG, SYSTEMIC RACISM HAS OPPRESSED COMMUNITIES OF COLOR IN THE UNITED STATES. IT HAS TO CHANGE.

BETRAYING THEIR OATH...

(26.) THE REAL STORY IS WHY AREN'T ALT-WHITE HOMOSAPIEN RACIST CONFEDERATE PEOPLE DEALT WITH BY THE PROPER AUTHORITIES?

ARE THESE COPS  CONFEDERATES THEMSELVES?

ARE THE COPS INTIMIDATED BY CONFEDERATES?

ARE THE COPS UNDER CONFEDERATE ORDERS TO DO NOTHING?

ARE THE COPS IN COLLUSION WITH CONFEDERATES?

ARE THESE COPS BETRAYING THEIR OATH AND PUBLIC TRUST?

IS THIS SOME KIND OF CONFEDERATE CONSPIRACY?

WHY AREN'T THE CONFEDERATE CHIEFS HELD ACCOUNTABLE AND/OR FIRED?

BLACKPANTHERS ANSWER FOR THE KKK!

(25.) THE BLACK PANTHERS EXUDE PRIDE, DIGNITY, CLASS AND DIVINITY. BUT THEIR CALLING CARD IS PROTECTING THE PEOPLE!

THEY FEED THE CHILDREN!

THEY ARE IN NO WAY AGGRESSIVE, JUST VERY, VERY DEFENSIVE!

BLACK PANTHERS ARE NEVER SEEN ROAMING AROUND BULLYING, INTIMIDATING OR GENERALLY TROUBLE-MAKING, PUSHING PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATORS AROUND.

THEY'RE MORE LIKE SODIERS, GUARDIANS OF THE PEOPLE AND ABOVE ALL ELSE, THEY ARE UP-STANDING, AND THEY'RE NOT RACIST!

YET THE LATE FBI DIRECTOR J EDGAR HOOVER LIED CALLING THEM. COMMUNIST, TERRORISTS AND THE LIKE, FOR HIS OWN PERSONAL REASONS.

SIMPLY, A SMEAR CAMPAIGN, AS HE STARTED A WAR AGAINST THE BLACK PANTHERS AND PEOPLE DIED BECAUSE OF HIS RACIST, NEFARIOUS LEADERSHIP!

(24.) WE'VE GOT TO FACE THE FACT THAT SOME PEOPLE SAY YOU FIGHT FIRE BEST WITH FIRE, BUT WE SAY YOU PUT FIRE OUT BEST, WITH WATER. WE SAY YOU DON'T FIGHT RACISM WITH RACISM. WE'RE GONNA FIGHT RACISM WITH SOLIDARITY AND WORLDWIDE RESISTANCE...

(23.) WHILE SOME NORTHERNERS FEEL THAT SOUTHERN POLITICIAN'S WIELD TOO MUCH POWER IN THE HOUSE AND THE SENATE AND THAT THEY WOULD NEVER BE APPEASED NOR HONORED AND ARE FOREVER ON THE WRONG SIDE OF HISTORY. SO POLITICALLY SOUTHERN CONFEDERATES ARE SUCH NEFARIOUS MONIONS SUBJECT TO THE ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST, FOLLOWED BY POLITICAL ERADICATION SUBJECT TO REPATRIATION! BEGINNING WITH THE 2020 ELECTION, FLIPPING THE SENATE DEMOCRATS SWEEPING ALL 5O STATES WOULD BE A DEVASTATING BLOW, BECAUSE IT WOULD SIGNAL SOUTHERN CONFEDERATES  DEMISE. THE ONLY SAVING GRACE, GULLIBLE AMERICANS WHO ARE SUBJECT TO ALL THE FALSE HOPE AND LIES! THE MILITARY BASE NAMING WAS A WELL PLANNED SCHEME BUT IT HAS PLAYED OUT, NOW TRUMP OR NO ONE ELSE CAN STOP THE BASE REFORM TO TAKE PLACE! PERSONALLY I'M THINKING [GENERAL TUBMAN] LEADING OFF BECAUSE, ONCE SHE GETS ON BASE, SHE MAKES THINGS HAPPEN. SO ONCE THE NEW NAMES ARE IN PLACE, AMERICA'S MILITARY BASES WILL SPARKLE. AND THE MILITARY PERSONNEL WILL REJOICE! AND THOSE FOUND TO FAVOR SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY WILL UNDERGO A RIGOROUS REPATRIATION PROCESS BECAUSE IT'S SO PROFOUND WHEN TAKING THE HIGHER-GROUND! THEY MUST KNOW, THERE'S NOTHING BUT MISERY, ON THE WRONG SIDE OF HISTORY. IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME COMING, THE CONFEDERATES HAD THEIR HAND IN EVERY FACET OF SOCIETY, COMPLETELY OBLIVIOUS AND BLENDING RIGHT IN THE MIX. THEN PEOPLE STARTED OBSERVING THE CONTRADICTIONS! THE MOST GLARING ONE TO BLACK PEOPLE IS THE SYSTEMIC RACISM. THEY HAD SUCCEEDED, NOT ONLY IN SUPPRESSING BLACK PEOPLE, THEY HAD CREATED SYSTEMIC RACISM, A NEFARIOUS PHENOMENON THAT MANY WHITE PEOPLE WOULD PRACTICE ACROSS THE LANDSCAPE! YOU WOULD APPLY FOR A GIG AND FEEL THE WRATH OF DISCRIMINATION! HOUSING THE SAME WRATH OF DISCRIMINATION! SHOPPING, AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, EDUCATION, POLICING TOO! SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY TO AIM AT IT'S EX-SLAVES AND TRIED TO SHOOT US DOWN, BUT WE WERE SO RESILIENT, AS IS OUR NATURE WE ARE FIGHTING BACK! LIKE THE CIVIL WAR, BLACK PEOPLE WILL FIGHT WITH YOU, FOR ALL THE RIGHT REASONS. WE HAVE TO GO BACK TO THE ORIGINS OF SYSTEMIC RACISM TO GET COMPENSATED AND GET TO THE BOTTOM OF THE CONFEDERATES RACIST SCHEME, AND TO COME OUT ON TOP. THE GREAT THING IS MUTITUDE OF AMERICAN'S ARE FINALLY, ON TO THEM!

(22.) THIS ISN'T A STILL MOMENT, IT'S A MOVEMENT.

(21.) WE HAVE TO TRANSFORM THE WAY THAT WE DO THINGS’

(20.) WE NEED COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT SO KIDS ‘CAN HAVE A FAIR SHOT AT THE AMERICAN DREAM,  BUILDING BANKS, HOSPITALS, AND GENERALLY UPGRADING THE INFRASTRUCTURE!

(19.) TOO MANY BLACK AMERICAN'S HAVE DIED AT THE HANDS OF HOMICIDAL COWARDICE KLAN COPS WITH THAT RACIST MENTAL DISORDER! WE MUST ALL WORK TO DISMANTLE SYSTEMIC RACISM, AND BUILD A RESTITUTIONAL ALGORITHM MORE CONDUCTIVE JUST AND EQUITABLE IN THIS ENVIRONMENT. COMING THROUGH THE CURVE ON A GROOVED REPARATION ROAD PARALLEL TO THE INFORMATION HIGHWAY.

(18) GET ON YOUR HIGH HORSE

(17.) GOT A CHEETAH RIDIN SHOTGUN AND A LION BACK-SEAT DRIVING, IN THE MIDDLE OF A GROOVE, ON GROOVED REPARATION ROAD

Moxie savvy and swag...

(16.) WE GO FOR THE GUSTO!

WE GO THE EXTRA MILE!

WE GO ALL-OUT ON A GROOVED REPARATION ROAD!

WE GO AFTER EACH AND EVERY PIECE OF EVIDENCE!

WE GO HARD WITH ALL OUR GOD GIVEN TALENT!

WE GO, AS A MILLENNIAL MASTERCLASS, MOVING FORWARD!

WE GO WITH MOXY, SAVVY, AND SWAG!

WE GO FOR LEGAL ADVICE TO JUDGE BROWN, JUDGE MATHIS, JUDGE FAITH, JUDGE MAYBELLINE! WE GO TO PHILANTHROPY!

WE GO TO INDIVIDUAL PHILANTHROPIST!

WE GO TO GOD AND PRAY!

WE GO TOE TO TOE!

WE GO TO HIGHER GROUND AROUND A LOW-LIFE!

WE GO TO WORK OVERTIME AGAINST SYSTEMIC RACISM!

WE GO OUTSIDE THE BOX TO FIGHT THE UGLY AMERICAN!

WE GO BLUE 2020!

WE GO TO OPRAH, TYLER PERRY, BYRON ALLEN, FLOYD MAYWEATHER JR., LEBRON JAMES, BEN CRUMP AND THE BLACK PATHERS... WE GO FOR THE JUGULAR, CONCERNING OUR HUMAN RIGHTS!

WE GO TO LUNCH, NOT OUT TO LUNCH!

WE GO NORTH OF THE BORDER!

WE GO FOR THE REAL-DEAL, NOT THE OKIE-DOKE!

WE GO FOR PRESIDENT OBAMA, NEVER TRUMP!

WE GO TO TRIAL!

WE GO TO WAR WITH A HARRIET TUBMAN, $20 DOLLAR BILL!

WE GO ON A BUS RIDE WITH ROSY PARKS [YA FEEL ME]?

WE GO OUT OF OUR WAY FOR PEOPLE, ONLY TO FIND OUT, THEY HAVE THAT MENTAL DISORDER [RACISM], THROUGH THE CURVE, MOVING FORWARD!

WE GO THROUGH A LOT OF SHIT!

WE GO [OOPS UPSIDE YO HEAD]!

WE GO SHOPPING, WE WITNESS OR FALL VICTIM TO DISCRIMINATION!

WE GO BUY A HOME... WE GO TO RENT A HOME... WE GO PURCHASE A AUTOMOBILE, HIGHEST INTEREST RATE!

WE GO LOOK FOR A JOB... WE GO FOR GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS... WE GO FOR TOP GOVERNMENT JOBS... WE GO TO HOLLYWOOD TO AUDITION... WE GO TO RADIO SYNDICATES... WE GO TO TV EXECUTIVES, NETWORKS... WE GO TO EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES... WE GO TO GREAT LENGTHS JUST TO BE LEFT ALONE!

WE GO TO RENAME FORT BRAGG, FORT AP HILL, FORT BENNING, FORT LEE, FORT HOOD, FORT GORDON, FORT PICKET, AND NAME THEM AFTER THE GREAT NORTHERN UNION HERO GENERALS.

SOUTHERN CONFEDERATES WENT TO WAR AGAINST THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THUS DESERVE NO DECORATIONS.

IT. WOULD BE EQUIVALENT TO FORT HITLER OR SAY FORT PUTIN, ENEMIES OF THE STATE IT SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN!

THIS IS WHERE YOU DRAW THE LINE ON WHITE PRIVILEGE, AT THIS POINT IT BECOMES MINDLESS!
SOUTHERN CONFEDERATES TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THAT LAX SITUATION AND MADE FOOLS OF THE GREAT NORTHERN UNION!

(15.) FREEDOM RIDERS HAVE NOW A GROOVED YET, ROUGH RIDE DOWN REPARATION ROAD, SO SLOW YO ROLL, IN A USE CAUTION MODE,  SPREAD AS WE MIGHT ANOTHER LOAD, BLACK TOPPING OF HALF THE ROAD, IT'S A MAJOR THOROUGH-FARE, ONCE IN ILL REPAIR, BENIGN NEGLECTION SYSTEMIC RACISM AS THE RESOURCES FOR ODIOUS AND OBVIOUS REASON, WENT ELSE-WHERE, SYSTEMIC RACISM IS FAR MORE THAN A MENTAL DISORDER, IT'S BIG BUSINESS, IRS CULTURE, PREDATORY LENDING, ICE CREEPS AT THE BORDER, IT'S GUIDE-LINES, IT'S A HAND GESTURE, A NOT TOO DIVINE ORDER. MY THEORY ON SYSTEMIC RACISM IS IT IS AN ATTEMPT TO KEEP BLACK PEOPLE IN BONDAGE, IT WAS TO BE THE NEXT FORM OF SLAVERY, IN THE DEFIANCE OF US DIRECTIVES AND SPECIFICATIONS, SO WHEN THEY ROAM AROUND UNSUSPECTED THEY COOK THE BOOKS, BECAUSE THE FLAWS IN THE CONSTITUTION BLATANT BUT NOT QUITE THE MENTAL DISORDER OF THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY! HENCE, THE RECONSTRUCTION OF REPARATION ROAD AND THE BRIDGE CROSSING RESTITUTION RIVER, IT'S GROOVED AND JUST ABOUT READY FOR THE CHAMPAGNE TO POP, AFTER WE LAY DOWN THAT BLACK TOP. AND WE WELCOME ALL, ESPECIALLY YOU PHILANTHROPIST, IT'S A CAN'T MISS, OH, I NEGLECTED MENTION, I'M A FIRM BELIEVER, YES, THERE'S  DIVINE INTERVENTION, NOT TO MENTION THE RIDE DOWN THE GROOVED REPARATION ROAD, WITH GOOD INTENTION, AN ENLIGHTENING AND SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE. AND SYSTEMIC RACISM SAYS TO ME, GOD DON'T LIKE NO UGLY AMERICAN SO GOD DIRECTS AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL, BECAUSE BEAUTY ABOUNDS, ON ANYTHING OTHER THAN THAT, GOD FROWNS. WE NEED VOLUNTEERS, RESOURCES, AND SUPPORT, BECAUSE EXTENDING THE REPARATION ROAD PARADIGM IS A MUST, AND TRUST ME, WE WILL NOT COME UP SHORT! REPARATION ROAD, IS TO BE PART OF THE PERMANENT INFRASTRUCTURE! NEGRODARMUS...

ABSURD...

(14.) TO NAME A MILITARY BASE AFTER A CONFEDERATE GENERAL IS ABSURD AND EQUIVALENT TO NAMING A FORT TRUMP, OR FORT McCONNELL! WAS IT SOME KIND OF CONSENT OR DECREE? SOUTHERN CONFEDERATE GENERALS WENT TO WAR UNSUCCESSFULLY, AGAINST THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OVER THE US ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY!

Multiracial Democracy...

(13.) WE'RE NOT GOING TO WAIT JUST BECAUSE OF POLITICS," SAYS LOS ANGELES MAYOR GARCETTI. "WE'RE GOING TO DO WHAT'S RIGHT IN THIS MOMENT TO [BUILD A MULTI-RACIAL DEMOCRACY] IN AMERICA." I GOT TO KEEP ON GROOVIN REPARATION ROAD, THAT'S MY JOB, I'M THE MAN, SO YOU CAN KEEP ON TRUCKIN, TRUCKIN OVER THE RESTITUTION RIVER SPAND...

If everyone showed up and voted...

(10.) THEY SAY THE OLD WORLD IS SUCKING, SUCKING IN IT’S LAST BREATH. YOU CAN HEAR IT'S DEATH GURGLE IN THOSE EXPRESSING FEAR ABOUT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF EVERYBODY EXHALED AND SHOWED UP TO VOTE.”

Blocking the blessing...

(9.) A MAJORITY OF THEM, FINALLY GRASP THE PERVASIVE NATURE OF SYSTEMIC RACISM, IS SO NOT, COMING THROUGH THE CURVE. WHEN YOU ARE TRYING TO GET YOUR SWERVE ON, THEY GOT SOME NERVE, DISTURBING IT'S VERY SHOCKING, ALL THE COCK BLOCKING, BLOCKING MY BLESSING. CC RIDES AGAIN, GOD'S GUY, RIDIN HIGH YES, RIDIN THE RHYTHM ON THE GROOVED REPARATION ROAD NEGOTIATING THE TWIST AND TURNS WE ADOPT, UNTIL WE LIDIGATE AND LAY DOWN THAT BEAUTIFUL BLACK TOP. WE AIM TO HOST, ON THE BLOCK, UNIVERSOUL THE BIG TOP FUNNIN NON-STOP, ON A GROOVED REPARATION ROAD AFTER WE LAY DOWN THAT [BLACK TOP] LET'S ROCK!

Profitable racism...

(8.) THE POLITICS OF RACIAL RESENTMENT AND VOTER SUPPRESSION, COME BACK TO HAUNT THE GOP AND ALEC IRREFUTABLE TRUTH OF SYSTEMIC RACISM AND IT'S ORIGINS AND REACH, EVEN MILITARY BASES, BECAUSE THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERATES LOST THE WAR, PROCEEDED TO INFILTRATE THE MODERN-DAY US MILITARY WITH THE ONSLAUGHT OF SYSTEMIC RACISM IMPLEMENTED ON THE BLACK POPULATION.

THEY WOULD THEN NAME MILITARY BASES AFTER SOUTHERN CONFEDERATE SLAVE OWNING, NEFARIOUS GENERALS. MILITARY BASES NAMED AFTER TREASONOUS CONFEDERATE GENERALS WHO FOUGHT THE US GOVERNMENT TO NOT ABOLISH SLAVERY...THEY WANTED TO ADVERTISE SYSTEMIC RACISM ON THE BASES! 1. FORT A.P. HILL – AMBROSE POWELL Hill JR. ... 2. CAMP BEAUREGARD – P.G.T. ... 3. FORT BENNINGS – HENRY BENNINGS. ... 4. FORT BRAGG – BRAXTON BRAGG. ... 5. FORT GORDON – JOHN BROWN 6. FORT HOOD – JOHN BELL HOOD. ... 7. FORT LEE – ROBERT E. LEE. ... 8. FORT PICKETT – GEORGE PICKETT

A. BANKS B. MILITARY C. MERCHANTS D. IRS E. REALTORS/REAL ESTATE COMPANIES F. HOLLYWOOD G.TELEVISION NETWORKS H..RADIO AFFILIATES I. MLB [ALL WHITE...] J. NBA.   "          " K. NFL.    "          " L. THEN THERE'S, THE CREDIT SCORE SCANDAL, M. BROOKS BROTHERS N. MACY'S O. SEARS P. LORD & TAYLOR Q. BLOOMINGDALES R. SAKS FIFTH AVENUE S. RALPH LAUREN T. J CREW U. HUGO BOSS V. UNIVERSITIES W. PENTAGON X. LAW ENFORCEMENT Y. WALL STREET [LILLY-WHITE] Z.

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYMENT PRACTICE AND CONTRACTING! 1. GREYHOUND 2. AMTRAK 3. AUTO INDUSTRY FINANCING 4. HOTELS AND MOTELS 5. AMA 6. GOP 7. ALEC

THESE ENTITIES HAVE THROUGH THE YEARS MANAGED TO DISCRIMINATE, HUMILIATE, AGITATE,  OSTRACIZE AND TEAR DOWN THE PARADIGM OF BUILDING LASTING COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, THUS HAMPERING AND SUPPRESSING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR MANY TO ACHIEVE TRUE GREATNESS, STUNTING GROWTH AS A PEOPLE!

WHY DID SYSTEMIC RACISM HAVE TO HAPPEN?

AND WHERE DO WE GROW FROM HERE? WHO IS GONNA PAY FOR THIS?

Restitution River...

(7.) Black enterprise gals and guys a grooved Reparation road, just over Restitution river is nothing less than a intense, persistent, dubious, leadership legality, of epic proportion! We'll have to enlist every member of a well constructed master-class, a dream-team with a goal of redemption, greatness and oneness! People of color have the need to be made one entity, after centuries of mental abuse, [light-skin, dark-skin] persecution. Because as painful as it may be, no one is white because of white parenting. But anyone with Black parenting is Black period! They've been blowing your mind for years, some time, you fool yourself too! Just remember, no body is half-white, half-black, in-fact some white people [to keep you abreast] will call [anyone not white] the N-word in a heart beat, light or dark skin!

CONFEDERATE MANAGEMENT...

(6.) WELLS FARGO IS THE OLDEST CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING BANK IN THE UNITED STATES (IT HOLDS THE CHARTER ORIGINALLY GRANTED FIRST NATIONAL BANK IN PHILADELPHIA, GRANTED IN 1863) , BUT THE VERY FIRST BANK TO OPEN,  THE OLDEST OVERALL, WAS BANK OF NEW YORK-MELLON, WHICH WAS FOUNDED IN 1784, BEFORE THE CONSTITUTION WAS ...INSTITUTED! RIGGS BANK,

THE RED LINERS...

(2.) LIST OF THE OLDEST BANKS INCLUDE MANY MAJOR BANKS WITH BRANCHES YOU MAY GO TO- OR PERHAPS YOU'VE SEEN THEIR COMMERCIALS. THESE INCLUDE LIBERTY BANK (FOUNDED 1825), CITIBANK (1812), AND (JP MORGAN) CHASE BANK (founded 1799). HOWEVER, THE OLDEST BANK IN AMERICA IS THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON. OTHERWISE IT'LL BE ETERNAL SYSTEMIC RACISM WITHOUT A GROOVED REPARATION ROAD! WE DESERVE COMPENSATION STIMULATION AND CLOSURE... WHERE'S MY MONEY BEEOTCH?

WHITE CHOCOLATE CITY REINVENTED MO'S ALLEY...

(1.) THE BLACKTOP WHITE/CHOCOLATE CITY REINVENTED [MO'S ALLEY] A GROOVED EQUITABLE ROADWAY... WE ARE A MAJOR SOURCE TO BE RECKONED WITH, TO BEHOLD, WE WILL SOURCE FEED YOU WITH THE MOTHER-LOAD, AND YES, WE WILL SOURCE THE ISSUE UPON YOU, FULL SOURCE, AS WE NAVIGATE THE COURSE, AND PREPARE TO DROP, THE BLACK TOP, ON THE GROOVED REPARATION ROAD WITH YOUR SUPPORT, WE CAN DROP THIS NON-STOP, PAVING THE ROAD TO THE TOP, A COURSE TO BE RECKONED WITH, THAT'S WHATS POPPIN, DROPPIN FRESH ASHALT 24/7 ON THE ROAD TO HEAVEN MAY THE SOURCE, BE WITH YOU... GOD BLISS... THE CLEVERLY HILL BILLIES [JUST  OLE COUNTRY BOYS] DROPPING THE ASHALT ON THE GROOVED REPARATION ROAD... THE CIRCULAR DRIVEWAY [MO'S ALLEY] CONSTRUCTED WITH ORAH, TYLER PERRY, BEN CRUMP, BYRON ALLEN, JUDGE MATHIS, JUDGE MAYBELLINE EPHRAIM, AND ALL THE OTHER CELEBS, IN MIND, FOR A ROUND TABLE AT THE HARRIET TUBMAN MUNICIPAL BUILDING, BUILDING A IRREFUTABLE CASE ON THE PREPONDERANCE OF SYSTEMIC RACIST EVIDENCE, ON A GROOVED AND PAVED REPARATION ROAD, SET TO OPEN LIKE, YESTERDAY!

Android, iphone defined_

Definition of iPhone/Android: @ once: a telephone, video calls, computer, calendar, iCloud, email, gmail, yahoo, google, Microsoft, calculator, Go Fund me, encyclopedia, dictionary, GPS, Maps, typewriter, iot Network, camera, video recorder, photo storage unit, voice recorder, Treasure Trove of information, [they call it the information Highway], social media platforms, bigoted advertising, news, weather and sports Networks, alarm clock, stopwatch, jobs searcher, Job workstation, ATM, bank, paypal, cash app, online banking, Credit Union, radio, Movie Stream, ebook maker, digital product producer, barcode producer, affiliate Network, millionaire producer, billionaire producer, shop at home network, Pastorial-platform, work at home network, virtual doctor, digital Casino, concerts, musical recordings, musical video recordings, record companies, and labels, Indie musicians and vocalist_ the features are endless, what a magnificent wide world web.

Pandemic continues, should stimulus?

More than 2 million people have signed a petition calling for $2,000 monthly stimulus checks to support Americans as the pandemic continues. The petition was posted on Change.org last year by Stephanie Bonin, who owns a restaurant in Colorado. "I'm calling on Congress to support families with a $2,000 payment for adults and a $1,000 payment for kids immediately, and continuing regular checks for the duration of the crisis," Bonin wrote in the petition. "Otherwise, laid-off workers, furloughed workers, the self-employed, and workers dealing with reduced hours will struggle to pay their rent or put food on the table." In the petition, Bonin urged Congress to issue "immediate checks and recurring payments." "Congress needs to make sure that we won't be left financially ruined for doing our part to keep the country healthy," she wrote. There have been three rounds of stimulus checks in 15 months. Eligible Americans received $1,400 stimulus checks in March. The Trump administration issued two stimulus checks nine months apart: The checks in the first round were $1,200, and those in the second were $600. Congress had been slow to issue the checks because of partisan disagreements — Democrats and Republicans had different visions of the check amount and other relief measures in an overall spending package. Bonin criticized the amount of time it took Congress to come to an agreement. "Another single check won't solve our problems – people are just too far behind," Bonin wrote. "Like we've been saying from the beginning of this pandemic, people need to know when the next check is coming. And the best thing our government can do right now is send emergency money to the people on a monthly basis." Bonin's petition garnered so much support that Change.org recognized it in its list of 10 petitions that changed 2020. Senate Democrats have urged Congress and the Biden administration to pass recurring relief checks to help stave off the financial devastation brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. "Supplying Americans with monthly support until they can get back on their feet can save our communities from financial ruin," Bonin wrote.